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CATALOGUE
OF THE
BIRDS
BRITISH MUSEUM.
VOLUME XVI.
LONDON:
FEINTED BY OEDER OF THE TEUSTEES.
1892.
CATALOGUE
P I C A R I ^
IN THE
COLLECTION
BRITISH MUSEUM.
UPUPiE AND TRO CHILI,
BY
OSBERT SALVIN. CORACI^,
OP THE FAMILIES
CYPSELID^, CAPRIMULGID^, PODAEGID^, and STEATORNITHID^,
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE. TRUSTEES.
SOLD BY
LONGMANS & Co., 39 PATERNOgiEE EOW •
B. QUAEITCH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & Co., 37 SOHO SQUARE-
KEGAN PAUL & Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CEOSS EOAD;
AND AT The
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATUEAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, 8.W
1892.
PRINTED BY TATLOB AND FKANCtS, EEb LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
P K E F A C E.
The preparation of the present volume was commenced in the year 1887, but its publication has been delayed from several causes : — The desire of profiting by the most recent attempts at classification rendered changes in the serial arrangement of the families neces- sary ; Mr. Salvin, who at first intended to undertake the whole of the Macrochirous families, together with the Podargidae, was prevented by other engagements from proceeding beyond the Trochilidae, so that a substitute had to be introduced to the work ; and, finally, the material to be catalogued was unusually heavy, as it not only comprises the two largest collections of Humming-Birds that have been made hitherto, viz. those of the late Mr. J. Gould and of Messrs. Godman and Salvin, but was also increased by the accessions of the last four years. Consequently the contents of this volume greatly exceed those of any of the previous ones, as will be seen from the following statement : —
Species. Types. Specimens.
TTpupae 16 4 448
Trochili 482 161 8253
Cypselidae 78 20 1500
Caprimulgidffi 86 20 1800
Podargidaj 24 6 271
Steatornithidne 1 — 14
687 211 12,286
Of the 687 species recorded, 50 are not represented in the Museum ; but besides the 211 types of species admitted as valid, the Collection contains 62 other typical specimens, the names of
which aro now relegated to the synonymic lists. "With regard to the types of Trochilidffi, their number cannot bo given with absolute certainty, as Gould did not always i^ay regard to distinctive label- ling or to the preservation of individual specimens which he would have wished to be regarded as the types of the species named and described by him.
The Authors beg to acknowledge with many thanks the assistance they have received, chiefly by the loan of specimens for the purposes of comparison, from the United States National Museum, the Free Pulilic Museum of Liverpool, Graf von J5erlepsch, the Hon. AValter Eothschild, Mr. J. A. Allen of the American Museum of Natural History, Professor 11. Hertwig of the Munich Museum, H. Seebohm, Esq., Count T. Salvadori, Dr. Pleske, M. Jean Stolz- mann, Professor Nasonoff, Dr. Biittikofer, Dr. A. B. Meyer, Professor Lamport of the Stuttgart Museum, Canon Tristram, and others.
ALBERT GiJNTlIER,
Kcejier of the Dejiart)nent of Zoologi/.
Brilish Museum (X.II.), June ]± IS'Jl'.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Order PI CARI.E.
Suborder UPUP.E. Fam. Upupid^.
Page
I. Upupa. Liri7i 4
1. epops, Linn 4
2. indica, Reich 10
3. marginata, Bp 13
4. somalensis, Salv. . . 13, 655
5. africana, Bechst 14
Fam. InmsoEiD^.
1. Irrisor, Less 16
1. viridis {Licht.) 17
2. ervtlirorhvnchus (Lath). 19
3. bJllii, Hartl. 20
4. jacksoui, Sharpe .... 21
2. Scoptelus, Cab. Sf Heine, . 21
1. aterrimus (Steph.) 22
2. notatus, Salv 22, 655
3. castaneiceps, Sharpe . . 23
3. Rhiuopomastus, Smith . . 23
1 . cyanomelas ( Vieill.) . . 24
2. minor {R'dpp.) 26
3. cabanisi {De Fil.) 26
yuborder TROCHILI. Trochili serhirostees.
1. Heliothrix, Boie 30
1. aiiritus {Gm.) 30
2. auriculatus (Nordm.) . 32
3. barroti [Bottrc.) . . 32, 655
2. Scbistes, aould 33
1. geotiVovi [Bourc. <§•
Mul's.) 34
2. alboerulai-is. Gould .... 34
Page
3. Augastes, Gould 35
1. superbus ( Yieill.) .... 35
2. liimachellus [Less.) . . 36
4. Rhamphodon, Less 36
1. nfBvius (Dumo7it) .... 37
5. Androdou, Gould 37
1. ffiquatorialis, Gould . . 38
6. Heniistephania, Reich. . . 38
1. ludoviciffi (Bourc. 4"
Muls.) 39, 655
2. rectirostris (Gould) . . 39
3. veraguensis (Salv.) . . 40
4. jobannse (Bourc.) . 40, 655
7. Glaucis, Boie 41
1. birsuta (Gm.) 41,655
2. dobrni (Bourc.) 43
8. Cblorostilbon, Gould .... 44
1. auriceps, Gould 45
2. forficatus, Ridgw 46
3. caniveti {Less.) . . 46, 656
4. splendidus ( Vieill.) . . 49
5. pucberani (Bourc.) . . 50
6. angustipennis (Fraser) 52
7. baeberlini (Reich.) . . 53
8. melanorbyncbus, Gould 53
9. pumilus, Gould 54
10. assimilis, Laivr 54
11. atala (Less.) 55
12. prasinus (Less.) 66
13. peruanus, Gould 57
9. Sporadinus, Bp 57
1. ricordi (Gerv.) 57
2. maugasi ( Vieill.) .... 58
3. elegans ( Vieill.) 59
10. lacbe, Blliot 59
1. latirostris (Sw.) 60
2. magica (Muls. i^- Verr.) 61
3. lawreiicii, Berl 61
4. doubledaji (Bourc.) . . 62
5. nitida, Salv. ^- Godm. . 62
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
11. Phaioptila, Gould (J3
1. sordida (GomW) 63
12. Aitlmrus, Cab. Sf Heine . . 64
1. polytmus (Linn.) .... 64
13. Microchera, Gould . . 66
1. albocorouata (i«Hr.) . 66
2. parvirostris (Lawr.)(i7, 656
14. CaUipharus, Elliot 67
1. nigriveiitris {Lmvr.) . . 67
15. Pauvclilora, Cuh. ■S,- Heine 68
1. iuexpectata, lierl 69
2. poortmaui {Boiirc.) 69, 656
3. euchloris {Reich.) .... 70
4. aliciffi {Bnurc.) .... 70, 656
5. micaus, Salv 71, 656
6. I'ussata, Salv. ^- Godm. 71
7. steuura, Vab. Hf Heine . 71
16. Euplierusa, Gould 72
1. eximia [IMattre) . 72, 656
2. egregia, Sel. ^- Salv. . . 73
3. poliocerca, Elliot .... 74
17. Elvira, Muls. 4- Verr 74
1. chionura {Gould) .... 74
2. cupreiceps {Laivr.) . . 75
18. Tlialurania, Guuld 76
1. glaucopis {Gm.) ... 77
2. townsendi, Ridgw 78
3. liypoclilora, Goidd. ... 78
4. watertoni {Bourc.) . . 78
5. columbica {Bourc.) 79,656
6. eriphile {Less.) 80
7. fanniiB {Bourc. 4" Del.) 81
8. nigrofasciata {Gould) . 82
9. tschudii, Gould 83
10. jelskii, Tacz 84
11. fiivcata {Gm.) 84
12. furcatoides, Gould. ... 85
18. refulgens, Gould 86
14. bicolor {Gm.) 86
19. llypuroptila, Gould .... 87
1. Luflbni (Less.) 87
2. ciBruleiventris {Reich.)
88, 656
3. uroclirysoa, Gould .... 89
4. isauiae, Gould 89
5. melanorrboa (Salv.) . . 90
20. Lampornis, Sio 91
1. mango (Linn.) 91
2. violicauda {Bodd.) 92, 657
3. gramiueus {Gm.) .... 95
4. calosoma, Elliot 96
5. dominicus {Linn.) .... 96
6. virginalis, Gould .... 97
7. prevosti {Less.) 98
8. nendeisoui, Cory .... 99
Page
9. veraguensis, Gould . . 99 10. viridis ( Vieill.) 100
21. Pinarolaema, Gould 101
1. buckleyi, Gould 101
22. Avocettula, Reich 101
1. recurvirostris {Sic.) . . 101
23. Eulampis, Boie 102
1. jugularis (imH ) . .. 102
2. holosericeus {Linyi.) . . 104
24. Petasophora, Gray 105
1. serrirostris ( Vieill.) . . 106
2. iolata, Gould .... 107, 657
3. germana, Salv. Sr
Godm 108
4. coniscans, Gould .... 109
5. thalassina (Siv.) . . 109, 657
6. cvauotis {Bourc.) . 110, 657
7. delphinM {Less.) . . Ill, 657
25. Chn solampis, i?o;'e .... 113 1. moscMlus {Linn^ . 113,657
TROCniLI INTEBMEDII.
26. Pteriiplianes, Gould 117
1. temminckii(£o«'ss.) 118, 657
27. Helioiu aster, Bj) 119
1. furcifer {Shaw) 119
28. Lepidolarynx, Reich 120
1. mesoleucus (Temm.). . 120
29. Dipblo2-a;na, Gould 121
l.irhXGould) 121
2. hesperus, Gould 122
3. aurora (Gould) 122
30. Ilelianthea, Gould 123
1. typica, Rp 124, 658
2. bonapartii {Boiss.) 124, 658
3. eos, Gould 125
4. lutetiaj (Del. ^ Muls.). 126
5. violifera (Gould) . . . 126
6. osculans, Gould 127
7. dicbroura, Tacz 128
31. Bourcieria, Bp 128
1. inca, Gould 129
2. insectivora (Tsch.) . . . . 129
3. conradi {Bourc.) 1.30
4. torquata (Boiss.) . 130, 658
5. fulgidigula, Gould .... 131
32. Eudosia, .lfz«/s 132
1. ix&\-\&9,\ (Muls. ^ Verr.) 132
33. Lamprojiygia, Reich 132
1. priinellii (Bourc. ^
Muls.) 133
2. assimilis (Elliot) .... 134
3. purpurea ( Gould) .... 134 A. WAsom (Del. ^ Bourc.) 134
STSTEMATIC INDEX.
5. coeligena (Less.) 13^5
6. Columbiana, Mliot . 135, 658
7. holi\iiina,Gould 136
34. Cyanolesbia, SfeJ. ' . igQ
1. gorgo iJieich.) . . '137, 658
2. coelestis (Gould) 139
3. ruocoa (Del. ^- Bourc') 140
4. smaragdina {Gould) . 140
5. gviseivjtns, Tacz. ..137
35. Zodaha, Muls 141
1. glyceria, lip ' 14^
2. ortoni (Lawr.) ." .' I42
36. Sappho, Jiet'ck ,[[ 140
1. spargamira (Shaw) . . I43
2. phaon (Guuld) 144
3. caroli (Bourc.) ' I44
37. Neolesbia, Scdv , ,\\ 24.5
1. nehrkorni (BerL) ' '. " ' .' I45
38. Lesbia, Less ' ' ] 14(3
1. victoriffi (Bou7-c. ^
„ ^Y"''*-) 146,658
2. eucharis (Bourc.) I47
3. nuna (Zess.) 143
Qo ,4- ^ou^di (ZorffZ.) .. 149,658
39. Metallura, Gould 1,50
1. opaca ( Tsch.) ' ' " " 150
2. jelskii, Cab [,[ 151
3. chloropogon (Cab."^- , Hfine) 151
4. asneicauda (Gould) . . 152
5. tviianthina (Lodd.) 152,658
6. smaragdiuicollis((Z'0;-6.
f Lafr.) 1,54
7. primolina, Bourc I54
8. wiUiami, Bourc ." .' 1,5,5
9. eupogon, Cab .' ." 1,55
40. Eustephauus, Bekh. . . 1.56
1. galeritus (Mol.) . . 156, 659
2. lernandensis (King) \
01 ,. ,.. 157,659 I
3. leyboldi, Goidd 158 ,
41. Panterpe, Ch6.4-^e»ie .. 1,58
1. msignis, Cab. S,- Heine. 1.58 |
42. lleliangelus, Gould 1,59
1. clarissffi (deLong.) 160, 6.59
2. latielavius, 8alv.. . 160, 659
3. ametbysticollis (d'Orb.
4" W'-.) 161
4. strophianus (Gould) . 161
5. violicollis, Salv. . . 162, 659
6. spencii (Bourc.) 162
7. mayors, Gould . . ,' ' ." " 163 43. Ileliotrypha, Gould '.' 164
1. viola (Gould) I64
2. exortis (Fraser) . . im, 659
3. micrastur (Gould) 166
4. bairali, Muls. 8/- Verr. . 166
5. speciosa, Salv 167, 659
44. Urosticte, Gould 167
1. benjamini (Bourc.) ' .. 167
2. mterniedia, Tacz. ... 168
3. ruficrissa, Laicr 169
45. Adelomyia, ^^^ \\' ' iqq
1. melanogenys (Fraser) '
169, 659
2. ffineotincta, Sitnon 171
3. cervina, Gould 171
4. inornata (Gould) ... 172
46. Anthocti^hala,Cab.^fireine 172
1. floriceps (Gould) ... 172 4i. Phlogopbilus, Gould ..". 173 .0 1- ^^'^""leucurus, Gould . 173 48. Polytmus, Briss. ... 174
49. 50.
51.
183
183 184 185
1. thaumantius(Z/ww.) 174,059
2. viridissimus ( T'ieill.) . . 176
3. leucorrbous, Scl. ^- Salv. 176 Uoleromyia, Bp 177
1. fallax'(^OT<;-c.) ' .' ' ." ' " 177 Leucochloris, JReich. ...'. 178
1. albicollis ( Vieill.) , 178
Agyrtria, Beich 173
1. niveipectus, Cab. ' '^ ' „ , -^«'«« 180, 659
2. leucogastei- (Gm.) 181
3. viridiceps (Gould) 181
4. millen (Bourc.) . . 182 660
5. casruleiceps (Gould) . .'l83
6. mtidifrons (Gould)
7. neglecta (Flliot)
8. bartletti ( Gould)
9. brevirostris (Less.) ' .. ,^„
10. affinis (Gould) I85
11. alleni, Flliot .[[ jqq
12. viridissima (Less.). ".'.' 186
13. maculicauda (Goidd). '. 188
14. luciae (Lawr.) 188
15. fluviatilis (Gould) "' 188
16. apicalis (Gould) . . iso, 660 1/. Candida (Bourc. 4-
Mnls.) 190 660
18. tephrocepbala ( Vieill.). 191
19. nitidicauda (Elliot) 190
20. nigricauda (Elliot) . .\\ 192
21. compsa, ZTewe 192
"i-I. taczanow.skii (Scl.) 19,3
52. Arinia, Muls \ '' 193
1. boucardi, Muls. . . .' .' ." I93
53. Cyanomyia, Bp. .....*' 194
1. verticalis (Licht.) '. '. ' " 194
2. violiceps, Goidd .' 196
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
3. virldifrons, Elliot 196
4. uiicrorliyncha, Elliot. . 197
5. cyaiiocephalii {Less.). . 197
6. guatemaleusis, Gould
198,660
7. franciae (Bourc.S,- Muls.)
199, 660
8. cyaneicollis {Gould) . . 199
54. Leucippus, Bp 200
1. cbionogaster {Tsch.) . . 200
2. pallidas, Tacz 201
3. chlorocercus, Gould . . 201
4. viriilicauda, Berl 202
55. Amazilia, Reich 203
1. pristiua, Gould 205
2. leucopluea, Bcich 205
3. alticola, Gould 20ri
4. dumerili (Less.) 206
5. cinnamomea (Less.) 207, 660
6. praysoui, Lrnvr 209
7. berVllina {Licht.) .... 209
8. devillii (Bourc.).. 211,660
9. castaneiventris, Gould. 212
10. cyanura, Gould . . 212, 661
11. ocai, Gould 213
12. sumichrasti, Salv. 213, 661
13. yucatanensis (Cahot) . . 214
14. cerviniventris, Gould . 214
15. lawrencii, Elliot . . 215, 661
16. riefferi (Bourc.) . . 216, 661
17. viridiventris {Reich.)
219,661
18. iodura {Reich.) 219
19. lucida, Elliot 220
20. cupreicauda, Salv. ^•
Godm 220
21. edwardi (Del. 8,- Bourc.) 221
22. niveiventris (Gould) . . 221
23. warszewiezi ( Cab. Sf
Heine) 222
24. saucerottii (Bourc. iij
Del.) 223
25. sophiffi {Bourc. Sf Muls.) 224
26. ervthronota (Less.) . . 225
27. toLaci (Gm.) 226
28. felicijB (Less.) 226
29. elegaus (Gould) 227
30. cvauifrons (Bourc.) . . 227
56. Floncola, Elliot 228
1 . lon^rostri.s ( Vie{ll.)229, 260
2. albicrissa (Govld) 231
3. coustanti (Dc/rt^)'7-e)231,661
4. leocavdise (Z?oM;r.). .. . 2.32
57. Cyanophaia, Reich 2:]'S
1. caeruleigularis (Gould) 233
Page
2. goudoti (Bourc.) 234
3. luminosa (Lawr.) .... 235
58. Damophila, Reich 235
1. julia3 (Bourc.) 2.36
2. panamensis, Berl 237
59. Polyerata, Heine 237
1. amabilis (Gould) .... 237
2. decora, Salv 238, 662
60. Eucephala, Reich 239
1. grayi (Del. ^- Bourc.) . 239
2. smaragdinea (G<ndd). . 240
3. pvi'opygia, Salv. i^-
' Godm 241
4. chlorocephala (Bourc.) 241
5. cserulea ( Vieill. ). 241
6. cyanogenys ( Wied) . . 243
7. scapuiata, Gould .... 243
8. CEci'uleo-lavata, Gould . 244
9. hypocyanea, Gould . . 244 10. subcserulea, Elliot .... 244
61. Ilylocharis, Boie 245
1. sapphirina {Gvi.) .... 245
2. cyauea ( Vieill.) 246
3. lactea {Less.) 247
62. Cbrysurouia, Bp 248
1. oeuone (Less.) 248, 662
2. neera (Less.) 249
3. bumboldti (Bourc. ^
Muls.) 250
4. eliciffi {Bourc. i§- Muls.)
251, 662
5. ruficollis ( Vieill.) 251
63. Basilinna, Boie 252
1. leucotis ( VieiU:) . . 252, 662
2. xautusi (Lawr.) 255
Trochili l^virostres.
64. Eutoxeres, Reich 261
1. aquiU (Bourc.) .. 261,662
2. beterura, Gould 262
3. salvici, Goidd 262
4. condaminii (Bourc.) . . 263
65. Tbrenetes, Gould 263
1. leucurus (Linn.) 264
2. cer\inicauda,6-'oMW265, 662
3. ruckeri (Bourc.) .... 265
4. fraseri (Gould) 266
5. antoniae {Bourc. &•
Muls.) 266
66. Pbaetbornis, <S'w 267
1. guyi(Zm.) 268
2. emiliae (Bourc. ^ Muls.)
268,662
3. yaruqui {Bourc.) .... 269
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
4. superciliosus {Linn.)
270, 662
5. longirostris {Less. Sf
Del.) 272,663
6. bolivianus, Gould .... 273
7. hispidus (Gould) . 273,663
8. syrniatopliorus, Gould . 274 U. antliophilus {Bourc. Sf
Muls.) 275
10. eurynnme {Less.) .... 276
11. sqiialidui (Natt.) 276
llrt. rupunimii, Buucard. . HQQ
12. augusti (Bourc.) 277
13. pretrii (Less. 8f Del.) . . Til
14. uattereri, Bevl 278
15. bourcieri (Less.) 278
16. philippii (Bourc. ^■
Mtds.) 279
07. Pygmornis, Bp 280
1. griiseigulaiis (Gould)
280, 663
2. striigularis (Gould) . . 281 8. adolphi (Gould) . . 282, 663 4. louguemarii (Less.) . . 283 6. idaliae {Bourc. Sf
Mtils.) 284
6. episcopus (Gould). 284, 663
7. pj'gniaeus (Splx) 285
8. nigiicinctus (Laivr.) . . 286
08. Splienoproctus, Cab. <$•
Heine 286
1. pauipa (Less.) 286
2. curvipennis (Licht.) . . 287
69. Camp3'lopteru.?, Sw 288
1. largipennis (Bodd.) . . 288
2. obscurus, Gould 289
3. ensipennis (Stv.) 290
4. hemileucurus (Licht.)
291 , 664
5. lazulus (Vieill.) . . 292,664
6. villrtviceucio (Bo^irc.) . 293
7. pbaiiiopeplus, Salv. (§-
Godm 294
8. rufiis. Less 294, 664
9. bypei ytbrus, Cab 295
70. Eupetomena, Gould .... 295
1. macnira (Gm.) 295
2. hirimdo, Gou/d 296
71. Apbantocbroa, Gould. . . . 297
1. cirrocbloris ( J'ieill.) . . 297
2. bvposticta, Gould 298
3. giilari.s, Guuld 298
72. Pbteocliioa, Gould 299
1. ciivieii (Del. ^- Bourc.) 299
2. roberti (Salv.) 300
Page
73. Sternoclyta, Goitld 300
1. C3'aueipectus (Gould) . 300
74. Urocbroa, Guuld 301
1. bougueri (Bourc.) .... 301
75. Eugenes, Gould 302
1. fulgeiis (Sw.) 302
2. spectabilis (Lawr.) . . 304
76. Cceligena, Less 304
1. clemencife (Less.) .... 304
77. Oreopyra, Gould 305
1. leucaspis, Gould 306
2. ciuereicauda, Lawr. . . 307
3. calobTjma, »S'a/r 307
4. pectoralis, 6'«Zy. . 308,604
78. Delattria, Bp 308
1. benrici (Less. ^- Del.) . 308
2. margarelbae, Salv. i^
Godm 310
3. viridipallens, Bourc. eV
Muls 310, 664
3rt. sybillffi, Salv. 4' Godm. 664
4. bemileuca (Salv.) .... 311
79. Clytolifima, Goidd 311
1. rubioea (Gm.) 312
2. aurescens (Gould) .... 313
80. Lamprolieuia, Gould .... 314
1. rbami (Less.) 314
81. Docimastes, Gould 315
1. eusiferus (Boiss.) . 315, 664
82. Eugenia, Guuld 316
1. imperatiix, Gould .... 316
83. Heliodoxa, Gould 317
1. leadbeateii (Bourc. ^
Muls.) 317,664
2. jacula, Gould .... 319, 665
3. jamesoui (Bourc.) .... 320
4. xanthogonys, Salv. ^
Gudm 321
84. lolsema, Gould 321
1. scbreibersi (Bourc.) , . 321
2. wbitelyana, Gotdd . . 322
3. luminosa, Elliot 323
85. Lampraster, Tarz 323
1. brauickii, Tacz 323
86. PhfeoliBuia, Beich 324
1. rubinoides (Bourc. c^
3Iuls.) 324
2. cervinigulariSj'SaZv. 325, 665
3. sequaturialis, Gould . . 325
87. Ilylonympba, Gould .... 325
1. macrocerca, Gould . . 326 8S. Lafresnaya, Bp 326
1. flavieaudata (Fraser)
326, 625
2. gayi (Bourc. J^- Muls.) 327
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
89. I'loiisupa, Bp ^28
1. mellivora {Linn.) (329, 665
2. fusca ( Vieill.) 331
90. Topaza, Gray 3o2
1. pella {Linn.) 332
2. pyra, Guuld 333
91. Oi'ootrocliilus, Gotild ... 334
1. pichincba (Bourc. ^
Mn/s.) 334
2. cliimboiazo {Del. ^•
Bourc.) 335
3. estellffi (d'Orb. ^- Lafr.) 335
4. leiicopleurus, Gould
336, 666
5. melanogaster, Govld . . 337
6. adela {d'Orh. Sf Lafr.) 337
92. Ort'onyiupha, Guuld .... 338 1. nobilis, Gould 338
93. Oxvpogon, Gould 339
1. iindeni {Boiss.) 339
2. guerini (Boiss.) . . 340, 665
3. cvanoljemus, Salv. ^
"Godm 341
94. Rhampliomicion, Bp. . . 341
1. ruiciorhynchuui
(Boiss.) .342,665
2. dorsale, Salv. Sf Godm. 343
3. heteropogon (Boiss.)
343, 665
4. olivaceum, Lau-r 344
5. stanleyi (Bourc. ^
Muls.) 344
6. Tulcani, Gould 345
7. hevram(I)el.4- Bourc.) 345
8. ruficeps (Gould) 346
95. Opisthoprora,Co6. i!j-i7a'we 347
1. euryptera (Lodd.). . . . 347
96. Patagona, Gray 348
1. gigas ( Vieiil.) . . 348, 666
97. Agiifiactis, Gould 349
1. cupreippimis (Bourc. Sc
Muls.) 350, 666
2. caumatonota, Goidd . . 351
3. castelnaudi (Bourc. (§■
Muls.) 351
4. pamela (d'Orb.S,-Lafr.) 3-52
98. Bellona, Muls. ^- Verr. . . 352
1. cristata (Linn.) 353
2. ornata (Gould) 354
3. e.xilis (Gm.) 354
99. Loddigesia, Bjj 355
1. mirabilis (Bourc.) .... 355
100. Ceplialolepis, Lodd 356
1. delalandi (Vieill.) .... 356
- 2. loddigesi (Gould) .... 357
101. Abeillia, Bp 358
1. typica, Bp 358, 666
102. Klais, Beich 359
1. guinieti (Bourc. ^
Muls.) 359,666
103. Eiiocnemis, Reich 360
1. derbyi (Del. ^ Bourc.) 362
2. alinte (Bourc.) 363
3. vestita (Long.) . . 363, 066
4. smaragdinipectus, Gld. 364
5. ventralis, Salv. . . 364, 666
6. nigrivestis (Bourc.) . . 365
7. godini (Bourc.) 365
8. luciani (Bourc.) 366
9. glaucopoides (d'Orb. 8f
Lafr.) 367
10. cupreiventris (Frascr)
367, 666
11. chrysorama, Elliot . . 368
12. simplex, Gould 368
13. dyselius, Elliot 368
14. mosquera (Bourc. 8f
Del.) 369
15. isaacsoni (Parz.) .... 369
16. aureliae (Bourc. i^
Muls.) 370, 666
17. russata, Goidd 370
18. assimilis, Elliot 371
19. lugens (Gould) 371
20. squamata, Gould .... 371
21. incultus, Elliot 372
104. Paiioplites, Goidd .... 372
1. jardinii (Bourc.) .... 372
2. niatthewsi (Bourc.) . . 373
3. flavescens (Lodd.) 374, 666
105. Spatbiira, Gould 375
1. uoderwoodi (Less.) 375, 6G6
2. melananthera, Jard. . . 376
3. solstitialis, Gould .... 377
4. peruana, Gould 378
6. addse (Bourc.) 378
106. Rliodopis, Reich 379
1. vesper (Less.) 379
2. atacamensis (Leyb.) . . 380
107. Doricha, Reich. 380
Leuicma. {Vieill.) . 381,667
2. elizffi (Less. 4'- Del.) . . 382
3. evelynje (Bourc.) .... 383
4. lyrura, Goidd 383
5. brvantse, Later 384
108. Tilniatuia, Reich 385
1. diipouti (Less.) . . 385, 667
109. Calliphlox, Boie 386
1. amethystiua (Gin.) . . 386
2. mitchelli (Bourc.) 388
SYSTEMATIC INDEX,
Page
HO. Smaragdochrysis, Gould 3-^8
1. iridesceus, Gould .... 388
111. Ptochoptera, Elliot 389
• 1. iolsema {Reich.) 389
112. Calothorax, Gray. ..... 390
1. lucifer {Sw.) .' 390
2. pulclira, Govld 391
113. Selasphorus, Sw 391
1. floresii, Gould 392
2. rufiis [Gm.) 392
3. alleiii, Hensh 394
4. scintilla, Gould 395
0. tovridus, Salv 395
6. platycercus {Siv.) .... 396
7. ardens, Salv 398
8. flammula, Salv 398
114. Trocliilus, Linn 398
1. colubris, Linn. . . 399, 667
2. alexandri, J3owc. ^- M. 402
115. Calypte, Gould 403
1. annse (Less.) 403
2. coste (Bourc.) 404
3. helenfe [Lemh.) 405
116. Acestrui-a, Gould 406
1. mulsanti {Bourc.) 406, 667
2. decorata ( Gould) ... 408
3. heliodori {Bourc.) 408, 667
4. micrura {Gould) .... 409
117. Mellisuga, Briss 409
1. minima {Linn.) 409
118. Catharma, Elliot 410
1. orthura {Less.) 410
119. Atthis, Reich 411
1. heloisse {Less. Sf Del.) 411
2. ellioti, Ridgiv. . . 412, 667
120. Stellula, Goidd 413
1. calliope (Gould) 413
121. ChjBtocercus, Grai/ .... 414
1. rosae {Bourc. 4' Muls.) 414
2. jourdani (Bourc.) .... 415
3. burmeisteri, Scl 415
4. bombus, Gould 416
122. Myrtis, Reich 416
1. fanny {Less.) 417
2. yarrelli (Bourc.) .... 418
123. Tbaumastura, Bp 418
1. cora (Less. S,- Gam.). . 418
124. Lophornis, Ze«s 419
1. ornatus (Bodd.). . 420, 667
2. gouldi (Less.) ' 421
3. magnificus ( VieiU.) . . 422
4. regulus (Gould) 423
5. delattrii {Less.) . . 423, 668
6. stictolophus, Salv. 4"
Elliot 424, 668
Page
7. helense {Bel.) 425
8. adorabilis, Salv 425
9. chalybreiis ( VieiU.) . . 426
10. verreauxi {Bourc.) 427, 668
11. pavoninus, Salv. 8f
Godni 427
125. Prymnacantha, Cah. ^
Hei7ie 428
1. popelairii {Du Bus)
428, 668
2. langsdorffi (Bonn. ^•
VieiU.) 429
3. conversi {Bonrc. ^
Muls.) 430
4. letitise (Bourc.) 431
126. Discura, lieich. 431
1. longicaiida (Gni.) 431
127. Heliactin, Boie 432
1. cornuta ( JVied) 433
Suborder COKACI^. Fam. Cypselid^.
Subfam. I. Cypselin^.
1. Micropus, Meij. ^- Wolf . 437
1. melba (Z.) 438
a. africanus (7em»H.). . 440
2. sequatorialia (Miill.) . . 441
3. apus (Z.) 442
a. pekinensis(<S'?w«A.) , , 444 j3. murinus ( Brehm) . . 446
4. barbatus (Scl.) 447
6. unicolor (Jardine) .... 448
6. pacificus (Lath.) .... 448
7. leuconyx (Blijth) 450
8. caffer (Licht.) 450
a. streubeli (Hartl.) . . 452
9. horus {Heuffl.) 452
10. toulsoni {Bocage) .... 453 \1. affi.m>i{Gray8fLIardiv.) 453
12. subfurcatus {Bli/fh) . . 456
13. andicola (Lafr. ^
d'Orb.) 457
14. montivagus (d'Orb.). . 458 16. myoptilus {Salvad.) . . 459 16. nianspe (Reichen.) .... 459
2. Aeronautes, Hartert .... 459
1. melanoleucus (Baird) . 459
3. Panyptila, Cah 461
1. cayanensis (Gm.) .... 461
2. sanctihieronymij/SftZym 462
SYSTEJIATIC INDEX.
Page
Tachornis, Gosse 402
1. parva (Lichf.) 463
a. gracilis (Skarju^ . . 464
2. batas^iensis {J. E.
Gray) • 466
3. infumata {Sd.) 467
4. phreuicobia, Gosf:e . . 468 Claudia, Hart erf 4G9
1. squamata {Cass.) .... 469
Subfam. II. Ch-5:tubix-e.
6. Chretura, Steph 470
1. caudacuta (Lath.) .... 472
2. nudipes, Hoch/s 474
3. gigantea (Temvi.) .... 475
4. indica, Hume 475
5. celebensis {Salv.) .... 476
6. zonai'is (Shaw) 476
a. albicincta {Cab.) . . 478
7. biscutata, Sd 479
8. semicollaris {Sauss.) . . 479
9. pelagica (Z.) 480
10. vauxi ( Towns.) 481
11. gaumeri, Later 482
12. cinereicauda (Cass.) . . 482
13. spinicauda (7V;h/h.) .. 483
14. f iimosa, Salvia 483
lo. ■poiiuva {Temm.) .... 484
16. sclateri, Peh 485
17. cinereiventris, Sd 485
a. guianen.sis, Hartert 486
18. acuta {Gm.) 486
19. picina, Ticeedd 487
20. novseguineje, d'Alb. ^■
Sahad 487
21. sabinei, J. E. Gray . . 487
22. ussheri, Sharps 488
23. cassini, Sd 488
24. boehmi, Sc/ialmc .... 489
25. grandidieri, Sdileg. . . 489
26. sylvaticaCr/cA:.) .... 489
27. leucopygialis {E/yth) . . 490
28. cochincliinensis, Oust. 491
29. klaesii {Biittik.) 491
30. ancbietee, Sousa 492
31. stictiljema {Reidien.) . 492 7. Cypseloides, Streuhel .... 492
1. rutilus (Vieill.) 493
2. brunneitorques {Lafr.) 493
3. niger {Gm.) 494
a. borealis (Kenn.) .... 495
4. fumigatus {Streubel) . . 496
5. senex {Temm.) 496
PaRe
8. C'allocalia, Graij 496
1. lowi {Sharpc) 498
2. fuciphaga (77utw6.) .. 498 a. brevirostris {Mc-
Clell.) 501
3. leucciphsea [Peak) .... 502
4. innoniinata, Hume . . 503
5. francica (Gm.) 503
a. inexpectata, Hume . 505 /3. merguiensis, Har-
tert 506
0. leucopygia, Wallace . , 506
7. troglodytes, Gray .... 507
8. lu-opygialis, Gray .... 507
9. marginata, Salvad 508
10. \mc\n,Horsf.^- Moore. 508
11. esculenta (L.) 509
12. neglecta, Gray 510
13. natalis, Lister 511
Subfam. III. Macropterygin^.
512 512 614 515 516 517
9. Macropteryx, Sicains.
1. coronata {Tick.). . . .
2. longipennis (Rajin.)
3. wallacei {Gould) . .
4. mystacea {Less.) . .
5. comata {Temm) . .
Fam. Caprimulgid^.
Subfam. I. Caprimulgin.e.
1. Caprimulgus, L 521
1. europseus, L 526
a. unwini, Hinne .... 528
^. plumipes, Prjev. , . 530
2. ruticollis, Temm 531
3. rufigena, Smith 532
4. frsenatus, Salvad 533
5. fervidus, Shnrpe .... 634
6. pectoralis, Cuv 534
7. madagascariensis,
Sga7izin 635
8. lentigrnosus, Smith . . 536
9. macriu-us, Horsf. .... 637 a. albonotatus, Tick. . . 540
10. atripennis, Jerd 542
11. andamanicus, Hume . . 643
12. manilensis, Walden . . 544
13. phalsena, Hartl. ^■
FiiLsch 545
14. poliocepbalus, Riipp. . 546
SYSTEJTATIC INDEX.
15. monticola, Fratikl. . . IC. affiriis, Horsf.
17. griseatus, Gray
18. fossii, Hartl
a. clarus, Eeichen
19.jotaka, Temm. ^•
Schleg
a. kelaarti, BIyth . . . .
20. inornatus, Heugl. . . . .
21. asiaticus, Lath
22. nubicus, Licht
23. mahrattensis, Sijkes . .
24. segj'ptius, Zu7it
25. eximius, Temm
26. natalensis, Smith .... a. fulviventris, Hartl. .
27. carolinensis, Gm.
28. rufus, iJodd
29. sericeocaudatus (Cass.).
30. salvini, Hartert
31. Tociferus, Wils
a. macromystax, Wayl.
32. cubanensis (Lawr.) . .
33. satuiatiis {Salviri) ....
34. nigrescens, Cab
35. whitelyi (Salvin) ....
36. parviilus, Gould
37. maculicaudus (Lawr.).
38. yucatanicus, Hartert .
39. binotatus, Bp
40. concretus, Bp
41. enarratus, Gray
42. ocellatus, Tsch
43. pulchellus, Sali-ad. . .
2. Phalcenoptilus, Eidgio. . .
1. nuttalli (Aud.)
3. Otophanes, Brewst
1. macleodi, Brewst
4. Stenopsis, Cass
1. candicans, Peh
2. cayennensis (Gm.). . . .
3. ru'ficervix, Scl.
4. longirostris (Bp.) ....
5. decussata (Tsch.) ....
5. Nyctidronms, Gmtld ....
1. albicollis ( G7n.)
a. merrilli, Sennett. . . .
6. Siphonorhis, <S'e/
1. americauus (i.)
7. Heleothreptus, Gray ....
1. anorualus (Gould) ....
8. Macrodiptei-yx, 8ic
1. macrodii^terus (Afzel.)
647 549 550 551 552
552
555
556
558
560
561
562
563
564
564
565
566
567
568
568
570
571
572
572
573
574
575
575
676
576
577
578
579
679
579
581
681
682
582
583
684
685
686
587
687
591
691
592 j
592
693 1
694 i 594 t
9. Cosmetornis, Gray
1. A-exillarius (Gould) .
10. Scotornis, Szo
1. climacurus (Vieill.) .
11. Hydropsalis, Wagl. . . .
1. torquata (Gm.)
2. furcifera ( Vieill.) . . .
3. climacocenis, Tsch. .
4. scbomburg-lii, Scl. . . .
12. Macropsalis, Sri
l.lym (Bp.)
2. segmentata (Cass.) .
3. forcipata (JS'ifzsch) .
13. LjTicornis, Goidd
1. cerviniceps, Gould. . .
2. macrotis ( Vig.)
3. mindanensis, Tweedd.
4. macropterus, Bp. . . . 6. teinmincki, Gould . . . 6. papuensis (Schleg.) .
14. Eurostopus, Gould
1. albigularis ( Vig. ^
Horsf.)
2. argils, Hartert
3. nigripennis, Bams. .
15. Cbordeiles, Siv
1. virgiiiianus (Gm.) . . .
a. benryi, Cass
^. chapmaui, Coues . y. minor, Cab
2. acutiperinis (Bodd.) . a. pruiuosus (Tsch.) . /3. texensis, Lawr. ...
3. rupestris (Spi.v)
4. pusillus, Gould
16. Nyctiprogne, Bp
1. leucopygia (Spi.v) . . .
17. Podager, iVagl
1. nacunda ( Vieill.) ...
18. Lurocalis, Cass
1. semitorquatus (Gm.)
2. rufiTentris, Tacz. . . .
595 595 596 596 598 598 699 600 601 601 602 602 603 603 604 605 605 605 606 606 607
607 6C8 609 609 610 612 613 613 614 610 616 617 618 619 619 619 619 621 621 622
Siibfam. II. NxCTiBnN^.
19. N ctibius, Vieill. 623
1. bracteatus, Gould .... 623
2. leiicopterus ( JVied) . . 624
3. jamaicensis (Gtn.). . . . 625
4. longicaudatus (Spix) . 626
5. 8ethereu.s ( Wied) 627
6. grandis (Gm.) . . . , . . 628
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Fam. PODARGID^.
Subfam. I. Podakgin.?:.
1. Podargus, Cuv 630
1. papuensis, (itioy et
Gaim 630
2. strigoides {Lath.) 631
3. phalanoides, Gould . . 634
4. ocellatus, Quoi/ et
Gnim 634
a. niannoratus, Gould . 635
2. Batrtachostomus, Gould . . 636
1. aiiritus, Grai/ 637
2. liarterti, Sharpe 638
3. Septimus, Tweedd 638
4. poliolophus, Hartert. . 638
5. stellatus {Go^dd) 639
6. jarensis (Horsf.) .... 640
7. hodgsoni {Gray) .... 642
8. affinis, Bhjth 643
9. moniliger, Blyth .... 644
Page
Subfam. II. ^gothelin^.
3. ^gotheles, Vig. ^ Horsf. 646
1. crinifrons {Bp.) 646
2. insignia, Salvad 647
3. albertisi, Scl. 648
4. dubius, A. B. Meyer . 648
5. salvadorii, Hartert . . 649
6. affinis, Salvad 649
7. waLacei, Gray 650
8. lorise, Salvad 650
9. bennetti, Salvad. 8f
d'Alb 650
10. noT8e-liollandi8e(i«<A.) 651
11. savesi, Layard 8f
Tristr 652
Fam. Steatoknithid^.
1. Steatornis, Hmnholdt . . . . 653 1. caripensis, Huniboldt . 653
CATALOGUE
BIRDS.
Order IV. PICARIiE.
At the time of the publication of the third volume of this work, it was intended to follow as closelj' as possible the systematic arrange- ment proposed by Garrod in the ' Proceedings ' of the Zoological Society, 1874. However, owing to the subsequent researches by that and other anatomists, various modifications were proposed, and especially Mr. Sclatcr, in a paper " On the present State of the Systema Avium " (' Ibis,' 1880), indicated what were clearly im- provements on Garrod's classification.
In that paper Garrod's " Passeriformes " were abandoned, and the " suborder Passeres," as characterized in Volume III. p. 1, is raised to an order. "We not only adopt here this view, but follow Mr. Sclater further in reviving the term " Picarice " for the next order, which would comprise the Cypseli {Macrochires), Anisodacfyli, Hetero- dacii/Ii, Scansores, and Coccyges, although we are not aware that the order with these wide limits has been or can be diagnosed.
To Mr. Seebohm, who has endeavoured to work out a complete scheme in which the various groups are circumscribed by diagnostic characters (' Classification of Birds,' 1890), we are much indebted for the assistance we obtained from his work in defining the divisions in the following scheme. The adoption of an " order of Picarians " is, at the best, a provisional measure, and if this " order" be thought to be inadmissible, then the dinsions proposed by Mr. Seebohm would have to rank as separate orders, and might be arranged in a sequence more in conformity with what are, at present, considered their natural affinities.
PICAEI^.
I. Three or four toes are directed forwards (Anisodactyli and
Famprodacti/U).
A. Flexor digitorum perforans split into three
branches leading to the second, third, and fourth digits, but not to the first.
1. Palate desmognathous. Flexor digitorum
perforans and flexor hallucis entirely separate Suborder UPUPiE (xvi. p. 3).
2. Palate schizognathous.
Suborder TROCHILI (xvi. p. 27).
B. Flexor digitorum perforans split into
branches, of which one leads to the first digit, one to the second, and generally one to the third and fourth. 1, Flexor digitorum perforans, and not flexor hallucis longus, leading to hallux. a. Spinal feather-tract well defined on the neck, and a. forked on the upper back.
Suborder CORACI^ (xvi. p. 434). /3. single between the shoulders.
Suborder HALCYONES (xvii. p. 93). h. Spinal feather-tract not defined on the
neck Suborder BUCEROTES (xvii. p. 347).
II. The first and second toes are turned backwards, the two
others forwards (HeterodactifU). A. Flexor digitorum perforans split into two branches leading to the two front toes. Flexor longus hallucis split into two branches leading to the two hind toes. Spinal feather-tract well defined from nape to oil-gland, and not forked.
Suborder TROGONES (xvii. p. 429).
III. The first and fourth toes are turned backwards, the two others forwards {Zygodactyli).
A. Flexor digitorum perforans not split, lead-
ing to third digit only. Flexor longus hallucis first sending a tendon to the other plantar, then a second to the fourth digit, after which (if the hallux is present) it splits into two tendons, one leading to the hallux, the other to second digit. Am- biens absent Suborder SCANSORES (xviii. p. 1).
B. Hallux always present and connected with
the flexor longus hallucis, and not with the flexor digitorum perforans, which leads to the second, third, and fourth digits. Palate desmognathous.
Suborder COCCYGES (xix, p. 209).
Suborder UPUPiE.
(By OSBERT SALYIN «.)
The history, general anatomy, and classification of the Family Upupidw -were carefully examined by Dr. Mnrie in 1873 (Ibis, 1873, pp. 181 et seq.) ; several additional points were subsequently bronght forward by Garrod (' Collected Scientific Papers '), and the relation- ship of the Family to its supposed allies was again discussed by Stejneger in J. S. Kingsley's ' Standard Natural History ' (iv. pp. 408 et seq., 1885).
The general opinion of these authors as to the systematic position of the Upupcv is that their nearest allies are the JSuceroiidcr, an alliance first suggested by Gould and worked out by Blyth and others.
That the Ujmpce find a place immediately after the Passercs, and are associated with the Humming-Birds, is due to the high, the very high, value placed upon the structure of the foot, which is Passerine in the arrangement of the plantar tendons.
The points of resemblance to the Hornbills are subordinated iu favour of this character at the expense of the natural afiinities of the group, for with the TrochUi the Upupct: have little else that I know of in common.
Key to the Families.
A. Nostrils open, round, semidorsal, without over-
hanging edge: tail square, shorter than the wings ;
plumage dull, without shining gloss Uptipidae,
B. Nostrils more or less elongated, lateral, and with [p. 3.
an overhanging edge or well-developed oper- culum ; tail cuneate, longer than the wings ;
plumage more or less glossy Irrisoridse,
[p. 16.
Family I. UPUPIDiE.
This Family contains the single genus Upvpa, comprising sis more or less closely-allied species.
The peculiar habits of the Hoopoes and their structure have been very fully described by various authors, and a careful summary of the literature of this subject is contained in Dr. Murie's paper already referred to.
* The references to tlie literature of the Tarious species of this Suboi'der hare been collected and arranged for me by Mr. K. Bowdler Sharpe.
b2
Type. Upupa, Linn. Sijsi. Nat. i. p. 1S3 , U. epops.
Range, Southern Palsearctic Eegion from the British Islands to Japan, Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, the Indian peuinsi;la and Ceylon, the Indo-Chinese region as far south as Tonka in the Malay peninsula, Hainan, and N. Borneo.
Key to the Species.
a. Primaries crossed by a white band ; abdomen more or less striped. a'. Secondaries black, crossed with four equidistant white bands. a". Transverse caudal band wide, first primary narrow, seldom reaching to the proximal end of the white transverse band of the second primary. a'". Black apical spots of the longest crest- feathers edged inwardly with white .... epops, p. 4. h'". No white inner edging to the black apical
spots of the longest crest-feathers indicci, p. 10.
b" . Transverse white caudal band narrow, first primary large, reaching to the distal end of the white tran.sverse band of the second
primary marghmia, p. 13.
h' . Secondaries with the basal two-thirds white,
and with a subtermiual white transverse band, somalejisis, p. 13. h. Primaries black, without a white band ; abdomen
(in adult) chestnut, unhanded africana, p. 14.
1. Upupa epops.
The Hoop or Hoopoe, Albin, Nat. Hist. B. ii. p. 39, pis. 42, 43
(1738). The Hoopoe, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist. iii. p. 282, pi. 345
(1764) ; Yarr. Brit. B. ii. p. 167 (1843). La Huppe ou Puput, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 455, pi. xliii. fig. 1 (1760). Upupa epops, Linn. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 183 (1766) ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 466
(1788); Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 415 (1816); Naian. Vog.
Deutschl. V. p. 176, Taf 142 (1826) ; Roux, Orn. Prov. pi. 240
(1825) ; Werner, Atlas, Anisod. pi. 5 (1827) ; Menetr. Cat. rais.
Cauc. p. 45 (1832) ; Goald, B. Eur. iii. pi. 238 (1837) ; Macgill.
Brit. B. iii. p. 41 (1840) ; Schl. Sf Susem. Vog. Eur. pt. vii. pi. xi.
(1847); T/iomps. B. Irel. i. p. 353 (1849); Bj). Co7isp. I y>. 88 (18.50); Kjcerb. Danm. Fugle, pi. 13. fig. 1 (1852); Beichenb. Handb. Scans, p. 318, Taf. dxcv. figs. 3032-34 (1853) ; Hewit--: Eggs Br. B. i. ],. 249, pi. 63. fig. 3 (1856) ; Smidev. SvensJ;. Fogl. pi. 19. fig. 5 (185G) ; Jaub. et Barth.-Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 302 (1859) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1859, p. 27 (Palestine) ; E. C. Taylor, t. c. p. 49 (Egypt) ; Si^npson, t. c. p. 268 (Sweden) ; Salvin, t. c. p. 304 (Ain Djendeli); Heugl. t. c. p. 340 (Danakil) ; Tristr. t. c. p. 435
1. UPtJPA.
tfcc «,^,/. Zo;;.?, tav.27 (1865-70); Tnstr. Ibis, 1866 .80 '
/Vyo;-, /J^., 1867, p. 56 ; Chaibe/s, t. c. p. ^ 00 (SSol ) • sJt f. 0 p 13o (Lmbala) ; Beacan, t. c. p. 143 (Simla) ; S^jfe'
oa'^P't'^"-'^' ^""'^■^' -^- ^^- ^'•- i ■ pi. 12 (1868) • Pefe Ihh 186^ p,307 (Kotegurh); &«/M, ^. e. p. 448 (pUS) i;;^;'?!^; fSfdeutschl. p 69 (1869); 2)^;-/. j«/. S p Sf i869T ^/•o.fo, 16,., 1869, p. 48 (Almora); Saunders, tc. p 18MS Spain); Heugl. Om. N.O.-Afr i d -^IS HSflQ -Vt^^ ir i , -^i. p. K)3, 4. 1250 (1869/f ^J^^^li^^; ^"^ g^S Sf\/l-ff--t^b. la %. 11 (1870): ^/^rt, iei 1870, p 164-' Mwes ^- Buckley, t. c. p. 189 (Biagaria) ; ^e«m« < c n 310
p1t';i8;6)^v''%^T^'"V°>' ^^^''^^^ ^^^ z://':41'
p^ 33J|1«70) ; i^m5c;j, Trans. Z. S. vii. p. 226 (1870) ; id & Hartl F^^O.|^^y0..p 195(1870); Salvad.Faun.Ital, Ucc^ 46 (18m - fZf-f- f; ?■ ^^'}> P; 348 ; Saunders, Ibis, 1871, p. 67 ; Gun'i'
(LaDane.) ^. C Taylor, t. <y. p. 230; Dy6««-,A/, J.f. 0 187^,
P #o'-'ltf'7?'z^^/^r' P- ^"^^ ^^^^ Brooke, -Ibis, 1873 p. -30 , Severtz Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873) ; Hume &• Benders
p. 162(15/.); erZ. ,S//-. 7". 1. p. 174 (1873); Cock &■ Marsh t c n87^\' ;^T V- P- f'^ (Sambhur); i«//, 6'f ;•. V. ii p 397 (lb/4) (Cliota ^agpur); Siciuh. Ibis, 1874, p. 437 (Cliefoo)- %WA/./ O. 1874, p. 334; Irby B Gil. p. 68 (1875)' Fadon, O^s. Bely. p. 118 (1875); Lilford, Ibis,^1875,v k (SjTaciise) ; Cordeau,; t. c. p. 184 (Heligolaml) ; Danf. 4 Saruie f>-02vn,t c. p. 300; Sfoliczka, Str. F. iii?p. 218 (1875 • B Z-
tJ~' n^?'t"'i^"l l^'^' P- 19 (Corsica); Dresser, t. c. p. 319 iT p ifo /i #6^ f • •^'"""^'- 1^ V3-5 (18^6) ; ^/««/. ^„...^P«.ei /; P'-i p A i I'. ^5^^"- "* ^oW'-^s O™. Misc. ii. p. 164 (1877) • f^«^lf^ ^5- 0«:^^ O... Chine, p. 79 (1877) ; Butler, Str. F v. p 228
^b; z -l' ^ri- *' ^- P- 399' ^""'f- ^^'> 18"8, p. 7 (Asia Minor) asSf ^ ^T'eS'V.Ps-^l (Japan); ^J., ^i-. i^ vlfT 55' (1878) ; Z)„w,/,o« ^. J.fWe«, t.c. p. 79; ^«//, ^ c. p. 209; cLm t.c. p. 267 ; Sharpe, P. Z.S. 1879, p. 329 (Labuan) • Hmne Sh-
18/ J, p 446 IfesO p. o2 (Afghanistan) ; ,See6. t. c. p. 180 Kras-
(Chaman); W/,e-^rf,,.«/-^., C i2. xci. p. 1036 (1880 ; M^f ed Yarr. Br. B 11. p 419 (1881) ; Butler, Sfr. F ix. p. 391 (Ssi) ^a «e.^.c p 4o4; Beid, t. c. p. 30; Bidd. ml 1831 p 50 (Gilgit) ; 6'c«%, ^. .. p. 432; Blak. S,' Fryer, B. 'japan I lS=<
(188-2) ; Davidson, Str. F. x. p. 300 (1882) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 102 (Afghanistan) ; Seeb. f. c. p. 210 (Astrachan); Duron, t. c. p. 560 (Algeria) ; Marsh. 8f Pelz. Orn. Vindob. p. 37 (1882); B. O. U. List Bv. B. p. 82 (1883) ; Homeyer ^- Tancre, MT. orn. Vcr. Wien, p. 90 (1883) ; Seeb. Ibis, 1883, p. 21 (Caucasus) ; Severtz. t. c. p. 71 (Pamir) ; Ivby, t. c. p. 179 (Santander) ; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, viii. p. 206 (1883) ; Seeb. Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 335 (1884J ; Blak. Amended List B. Jajtan, p. 47 (1884) ; Tristr. Faun. ^ Flor. Palest, p. 89 (1884) ; Seeb. Ibis, 1884, p. 36 (Yezo) ; Eaqle Clarke, t. c. p. 144 (Hungary) ; Seeb. t. c. p. 261 (Central Cliina) ; Saunders, t. c. p. 380 (Pyrenees) ; C. H. T. Marshall, t. c. p. 412 (Chamba) ; Radde, Orn. Cauc. p. 298 (1884); Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. 120 (1884); Whitehead, Ibis, 1885, p. 28 (Corsica); Stvinh. ^ Barnes, t. c. p. 04 (Mhow) ; Me7izb. t. c. p. 357 (Upper Tarim) ; S/efn. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. p. 354 (1885) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1880, p. 16 (Aden), p. 166 (Muscat), ]). 498 (Jiushire) ; Davi.wn, Str. F. x. p. 364 (1887) ; Saluad. Flench. Ucc. Ital. \\ 77 (1887) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. xlvi. p. 80 (1887) ; Lorchz, Beitr. Orn. Faun. Cauc. p. 43 (1887) ; Styan, Ibis, 1887, p. 229 (Foocliow); Tait, t. c. p. 306 (Portugal); Savile Eeid, Ibis, 1887, p. 74 (Teneriffe) ; Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 88, 1888 (Mauipur) ; Meade- Waldo, Ibis, 1889, p. 11 (Canaries) ; St. John, t. c. p. 159 (Kelat) ; Lilford, t. c. p. 331 (Cyprus) ; Eayle Clarke, t. c. p. 548 (Pyrenees) ; Gigl. Avif. Ital. p. 357 (1889) ; Everett, Journ. Straits Br. B.' Asiat. Soc. 1889, p. 165; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. vol. v. p. 84 (1889) ; Giyl. Avif. Locali, p. 327 (1890).
La Huppe, Dauhent. PI. Enl. vi. pi. 52 ; Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 439 (1779).
t'ommon Hoopoe, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 687 (1782).
I'romerops marcheur d'Eiirope, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Promerops et Guepiers, vii. p. 53, pi. 22 (1807).
Upupa vulgaris, Pall. Zoor/r. Bosso-Asiat. i. p. 433 (1811).
Upupa af'ricana (nee Bechst.), Less. Traited'Orn. p. 323 (1831).
Upupa bifasciata, Brehni, Vdg. Deutschl. p. 215, Taf. 15. fig. 2 (1831).
Upupa senegalensis. Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 114 (1837) ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 42 (1856) ; id. J.f. O. 1861, pp. 107, 108; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 103, no. 1251 (1869) ; Antin. ^- Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 58 (1873) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) i. p. 105 (1884) ; id. op. cit. vi. p. 220 (1888).
Ujjupa iudica, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pis. 26, 27. fig. 1 (no. 132) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844).
Upupa niaculigera, Reichenb. Handb. Scansores, p. 319 (1853).
Upupa brachyrbyncLos, U. macrorbyncbos, U. exilis, U. africana, U. vii?i\ov , Brehm, Voyelf. p. 77 (1855).
Upupa major, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 103^ no. 1254 (1869).
Adidt male. Upper surface light brown ; a transverse band of buff widely edged with black crosses tho back and scapulars, the latter being also tipped with buffy white ; rump white, longest upper tail-coverts black towards the tip, and sometimes with a narrow white edge ; primaries black, crossed by a wide white band ; on the fiirst primary this baud is usually represented on the inner web by a white spot, but is sometimes absent, on the second to seventh quills it crosses tho feather, but on the eighth to tenth it becomes a sub- terminal elongated transverse spot ; secondaries black, with white
bases, all but the innermost two crossed by four equidistant wliite transverse bands, which on the outermost two are confined to the inner webs, the innermost two have a buff edge to the outer web and a buff line on the inner web close to the shaft ; primary-coverts black, crossed with two bands, the outer buff, the inner white; median coverts black, with buff tips ; lesser coverts aud the edge of the shoulder light brown, like the baciv ; head, neck, and breast vinous- rufous, darker on the long occipital crest-feathers, the ends of which are black, preceded by a white transverse space, the proximal edge of which blends with the rufous of the rest of the feather ; abdomen very pale buff; a longitudinal dark stripe on the inner web of the flank-feathers next the shaft ; under tail-coverts white ; tail black, crossed by a white bar, which is central on the middle feathers, and approaches the tip towards the outermost pair, being widest on the outer web of those feathers ; bill blackish, base of both maxilla and mandible flesh-colour; feet black. Total length about 12 inches, wing 5-7, tail 4, bill 2-2, tarsus 0-8.
Adult female. Similar to the male.
Young. Similar to the adult.
Hah. Southern Patearctic region from Southern Scandinavia and the British Islands to Japan (accidental in Spitsbergen), migrating in winter to N.E. Senegambia and N.E. Africa ; Arabia, Plains of India from the N. W. Provinces to Assam, extending also into Central India, where it appears to blend with U. inclica.
a. Pull. sk.
b. Pull. St.
c. Ad. st.
d. Ad. St.
e. Ad.; /. Juv. sk.
y, h. cJ $ ad. sk. i. Ad. sk.
j, k. Ad. et imm.
sk. 1. S ad. sk. t?i. Ad. sk. n, 0. Ad. et iiiv.
sk. 2). Ad. sk.
q. Ak. sk. r. Ad. sk. s. c? fid. sk.
t. $ ad. sk.
u,v. tS 2 fid. sk.
w. 5 ad. sk.
,r, y, z. S ad. sk.
Europe. Europe. Portslade, Susse.x, Aug. 30.
Bigbury, Devonshire. Valkeuswaard, Holland (J.
Baker). Silesia. Near Vienna lyDr. Steindach-
ner). Southern Spain.
Seville, April 1Q{H. Saunders).
Morocco {Olcese).
Tunis.
Madeira, Sept. {E. V. Har-
court). River Gambia. River Gambia. Koomayli, Abyssinia, Feb. 2.
SenaffS, March 12.
Rairo, Bogos-Land, Aug. ( W.
Jesse). Below Sbendy (J. Murie).
Egypt, Feb. to April (G. E. S).
Gould CoU. Pvu'chased. Herbert Langtou,
Esq. [P.]. Montagu Coll. Salviu-Godman Coll.
Gould CoU. Sharpe Coll.
Lord LiKord [P.].
Sharpe Coll. Tweeddale Coll. L. Eraser [C.].
Gould Coll.
Sharpe Coll. Shelley Coll. AV. T. Blanford, Esq.
[C.]. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[C.]. Tweeddale & Sharpe
Colls. Consul Petherick
[C.]. Shelley Coll.
«'. cJ ad. sk. b'. c? ad. sk.
c'. Ad. st, d'. 2 ad. sk. c', 2 ad. sk.
/,/. J$ ad.sk.
A'. (5 ad. sk.
i'. Ad. sk.
_;■'. 5 ad. sk. k', $ ad. sk.
I'. Ad. sk. m', n . Ad. sk.
o', y. Ad. sk. g-', /•'. Ad. sk.
s'. Ad. sk.
a. Ad. sk. i<'. Ad. sk. v' S ad- sk.
w', .r'. Ad. sk. y. Ad. sk.
s'. cJ ad. sk.
a". Ad. sk.
6", c". c? ad. sk.
(?'', e", cJ ad. sk.
/"-i". Ad. sk.
/'. S ad. sk.
k",r. S 2ad.sk. m". c? ad. sk. 7i". 2 ad. sk. o". 2 ad. sk. 2}' '. d" ad. sk.
q". J ad. sk.
r". Ad. sk. s". Ad. sk. t". d ad. sk. u'. Ad. sk. w". Ad. sk. 2v". Ad. sk. a'''-z". c? ad.; «'. 2 ad.sk.
Safed, Palestine. Damascus, June 9 (H. B.
Tristram). Athens.
BelgTade, April 5 (T. Robson). ,\k"Maidan, Txu'key, April 11
{T. Pearce). Sweet Waters, Turkey, Sept. 8
(T. Pearce). Petnahor, Turkey, Aug. G {T.
Pearce). Asia Minor, Aug. 28 {T. Rob-
son). Smyrna, Sept. 14 {Dr. Kriiper). Anascha, Taurus, March 30
(C. G. Dcniford). Erzeroum {Dickso7i ^ Ross). Mesopotamia {Commander
Jones). Bagdad. Bushire, Persian Gulf, Feb. &
March. Fao.
Muscat.
Samarkand, Aug. 11 {Russoiv).
Barna-ul, June 2i {Dr. 0.
Finsch). Yarkand ( Col. Chapman). Yarkand, Aug. 24 {Dr. G.
Henderson). Gulran, N. Afghanistan,
March 7. Cabul {Dr. Griffith). Candahar, April-Dec. Candahar, Feb. {Sir O. St.
John). Nal, Kelat, May, July, Aug.
(0. T. Duke). Jalk, Baluchistan, March 17.
Sukhm-, Sind, Dec. {A. O. H.). Sehwau, April 1 {A. 0. H.). Kutch, Jan. {Dr. StoUczka). Deesa, Feb. 15 [E. A. Butler). Ramoo, Kashmir, May 16
( W. E. Brooks). Dhm'msala, May {JV. E.
Brooks). Gilgit, March 9. Simla, June {R. C. Beavcm). Kotegurh, Nov. 10 {A. 0. H.). Pxmjab.
Mooltan {Capt. Tweedie). Sirsa, Feb. 3. Sambhm-, Jan., June., Aug.
{R. M. Adam).
Canon Tristram [C.]. Seebohm Coll.
Consid Merlin [C.]. Sharpe Coll. Sharpe Coll,
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Seebohm Coll. Seebohm Coll.
Gould Coll. India Museum.
Sir K. Loftus [P.]. A. J. V. Palmer, Esq.
W. D. Cummmg,
Esq. [P.]. Colonel JNIiles [P.]. Seebohm Coll. Geogr. Soc. Bremen.
Sharpe Coll. Hume Coll.
Dr. Aitchison [C.].
India Museum, Col. Swinhoe [P.]. Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[C.]. Hume CoU. Hume CoU. Hume CoU. Hume Coll. Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Col. Biddulph [C.]. Tweeddale CoU. Hume Coll. General Hearsey[P.]. Gould Coll. Hume CoU. Hume Coll.
1. rrPTiPA.
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MoLiut Abu, Sept. 29. . Ajuiir, Nov. 24 (.4. 0. H.).
Umbala, Xov. {R. C. Beavan). Kumauu {St.rachey). Xaiui Tal, Sept. 13. Etawah, Oct., Nov.
Behar.
Nepal.
Nepal {E. H. Hochjson).
Sikhiui, March, Sept. to Nov.
Sikhim.
Darjiliug.
Darjiliiig, Oct. 19.
Bhutan {Pemberfon).
Tippook, Assam, March (/.
C'uckburn). Shillong, Sept. 27 (J. Cock- burn). Dibnighur {F. Day). Dibrughur, March, April {J.
-K. C'ripps). N. Khasia HiUs, Dec, Jan.
(A. W. Chennell). Lakkipur, Cachar, Jau. .30 (A.
0. H.). ^
Mauipur, Feb., April (A. 0.
H.). ^
Svlhet, Jan. 22 {A. 0. II.). Dacca.
Lohardagga, Dec. 15 ( V. Ball). Maunbhoom, March {B. C.
Beavan). Saugor (Hooper). Seoni.
Kamptee.
Mhow.
Khaudeish.
Dhulia, Khaudeish (/. David- son).
Khaudeish.
Deccau {Btiryess).
N.E. of Ahmednuggur, Dec. 2 (S. B. Fairbank).
Belgaum, Oct. 28 {E. A. But- ler).
Bangalore, July 6 {R. G. Wardknv Ramsay).
India.
Mauchm-ia, June 20.
Peking, April to July (J,;. Swln-
Jioe). Chef 00, May, Sept. 29 {R. S.).
Hume Coll. Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll. India Museum. Hume Coll. Hume Coll.
Hodgson Coll. Hodgsou Coll. India Museum. Hume Coll. Seebohm Coll. Hume CoU. Tweeddale CoU. India Museiuu. Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll. Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll. Hume Coll. Hume Coll. Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum. Hume CoU.
Dr. R.B. Hinde[P.].
Colonel S winhoe[P.]. Tweeddale Coll. Hume CoU.
India Museum. Gould CoU. Tweeddale Coll.
Himie Coll.
Tweeddale CoU,
Gould CoU.
H.E. M.James, Esq.
[P.]. ^
Seebohm CoU.
Seebohm Coll.
10 TJPUPID.-E.
«'■. 2 ad. sk. \moy,Feh.l8 {Capt. Conrad). Shcarpe Coll.
//. Ad. sk. Amoy, May (H. Sioinhoe). Tweoddale Coll.
c"-/. Ad. sk. Amoy, Nov. to May {It. S.). Seebohm Coll.
/c6. Jiiv. ; /".Ad. Amoy, Xov. 28 (7i. .S'.). Salviu-Godmau Coll.
sk.
vf. Ad. sk. Sliauo-hai (J. M. Beeves). Gould Coll.
??". Ad. sk. Iloopih, April 5 (H. S.). iSeebolim Coll.
o'K Skeleton. Pm-chased.
p\ Skidl. Yarrell Coll.
5", r\ Sterua. Nepal. Hodgson Coll.
2. Upupa indica.
Upiipa minor (nen Shaw), Si/ke.s, F. Z. S. 18.32, p. 97.
Upupa epop.s vel indicus, Ilodr/s. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mm., Pussercs, pis. 2U, 27. fig. 1 (no. 238) ;' id. in Graifs ZooL Misc. p. 82 (1844).
U])upa seuegalensis {nee Sw.), Blijth, J. A. S. Ben;;, xiv. p. 18'.) (1845) ; id. Cat. B. Mies. As. Soc. p. 46 (1849) ; Kclaart, Prodr. p. 119 (1832) ; Layard, Amu. Sf Mag. Nut. Hist. xii. p. 174 (1853).
Upupa indica, Reichenh. Handh. Scansorcs, p. 320, Taf. dxcvi. fig. 4037 (1853); Bp. Consp. Valuer. Anisod. p. 12(1854); Finseh S)- Hartl. Vdf/. Ostafr. p. 198 (1870); Sharpe c^ Dresser, B. Eur. v. p. 183 (1871); David S,- Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 79 (1877); Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 90 (1878) ; Reid, Str. F. x. p. 33 (1881) ; Davidson, Str. F. X. p. 301 (1882) ; Davison, Str. F. x. p. 364 (1887) ; McGregor, t. c. p. 458 ; Terrtj, t. c. p. 472.
Upupa ceylonensis, Rciclienh. Handb. Scans, p. 320, Taf. dxcvi. fig. 4036 (1853) ; Bbjth, Ibis, 1866, p. 366 ; Sivinh. Ibis, 1870, p. 91 ; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 343 ; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 435 ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 22 ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests Sf Eggs Ind. B. ii. p. 334 (1890).
Upnpa nigripennis, Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mas. F.I. Co. i. p. 725 (1854, "e.f Gould MS'S., sed descr. nulla) ; Jerd. B. hid. i. p. 392 (1862, descr. princeps) ; Schomb. Ibis, 1864, p. 248 (Siam) ; Grag, Hand-l. B. i. p. 103, no. 1253 (1869) ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 22 ; Hume, Nests S;- Egqs Ind. B. p. 163 (1873) ; Hayes Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 408 ; Adam, Str. F. i. p. 375 (1873) ; Butler, Str. F. iii. p. 462 (1875); Morgan, Ibis, 1875, p. 316; Fairb. Str. F. iv. p. 256 (1876) ; Htane, t. c. p. 458 ; Fairb. Str. F. v. p. 399 (1887) ; Anders. Zool. Eaped. Yiinyian, p. 578 (1875) ; Davifkon S,- Wenden, Str. F. vii. p. 79 (1878); Hmne, t. c. p. 517 (1878); Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 279 (1879) ; Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 66 (1880).
p. 09 (1875) ; Armstr. Str. F. iv. p. 315 (1876) ; Hume, Str. F. V. p. 28 (1877) ; Oates, t. c. p. 149; Hume ^- Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 202 (1878) ; Oates, Str. F. vii. p. 41 (1878) ; Hume, Str. F. viii. ))p. 90, 155 (1879) ; Bingh. Str. F. ix. p. 171 (1880) ; Oates, Str. F. X. p. 199 (1882) ; Oates, Hatidb. B. Br. Burm. ii. p. 02 (1883) ; Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 88 (1885) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) iv. p. 588 (1887) ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests ^ Eggs Ind. B. ii. p. 338 (1890).
Adult male. Very similar to that of U. ejjojjs, but the long
1. TJPTJPA. 11
occipital feathers are without any white or whitish edgiiig^to the terminal black spots ; the general colour of the back, ueck, lesser wing-coverts, and breast darker rufous, this colour extending further over the upper abdomen.
Female and young similar to the adult.
This bird is not quite definitely distinct from U. epops in many districts where the ranges of the two overlap, and in such places intermediate individuals occur in some numbers. These transitional forms spread over Central India, and thence southwards to Ceylon, tlie typical bird occurring in the districts bordered by the western shores of the Bay of Bengal.
In Burma and Teuasserim this Hoopoe occurs in its most marked form, and, moreover, the bill is in many instances longer tlian in birds from Continental India. This long-biUcd bird was sepa- rated by Jerdon as U. lonr/irosfris, but the character is not suffi- ciently stable to be used to define the Burmese bird with certainty, and this seems to be the opinion of most recent writers on the subject.
Of the two names given by Reichenbach to the Indian Hoopoes, U. indka is undoubtedly referable to the bird without any white edging to the terminal spots of the long crest-feathers, and, being the oldest (1853), must be used. U. ceyhnensis applies to the intermediate form which occurs in Ceylon and many parts of Central India. Gould's title U. nigripennis, first defined in 1862 by Jerdon in his ' Birds of India,' may therefore be dropped out of use.
Hah. Peninsular India and Ceylon, and the Indo-Burmcse region, thence eastwards to Hainan.
a, b, c. Ad. sk. India. Gould Coll.
(Types of U. nir/ripe>rnis, Gould.)
d. Ad. sk. Kameswareu Island, March 17 Hume Coll.
(A. O.H.).
('jfi!/- 6 fid.; //, Uotocamund, Nilgliiris, Jan. to Hume Cull.
i,j. $ ad. sk. April {W. Dacison).
k, I. S ad. ; m. Mysore, December. W. Davison, Esq.
$ ad. sk. [P.].
?i. Ad. sk. Mysore (J^. i>«2/). India Museum.
0. Ad. sk. Madras. Gould Coll.
p. (S ad.sk. N.E. of Ahmeduuggur, Sept. 27 Twecddalu Coll.
{S. B. Fairbank).
q, r. Ad. sk. Deccan (Si/kes). India Museum,
s. c? ad. sk. f>-Amhhm;Aug.U{It. M.Adam). Hume Coll.
t. cJ ad. sk. Etawab, Oct. Hume Coll.
u. Ad. sk, Dehra Doon. Tweeddale Coll.
V. 9 ad. sk. N. Kbasia Hills, Jau. {A. W. Tweeddale Coll.
Chennell).
IV. Ad. sk. Cachar. Hume Coll.
.f, y. c? 2 ad. sk. Elephant Point, Dec. 6 (/. Hume Coll.
Armstrouji) .
z. (S ad. sk. Vaytho, British Eurmab, June Tweeddale Coll.
10(7?. G. Wardlaw Ramsay).
12
|
a', |
. Ad. sk. |
Tougboo, |
Tweeddale Coll. |
|
//. |
Ad. sk. |
Toiighoo Hills, Nov. {R. G. W. B.). |
Tweeddale Coll. |
|
c'. |
fJ ad. sk. |
Rangoon, Xov. 27 (^. &. TF. R.). |
Tweeddale Coll. |
|
<l', |
,e'. dad.;/. |
llangoou, Oct., Nov. (/. Arm- |
Hume Coll. |
|
2 ad. sk. |
strong ^- W. D.). |
Hume Coll. |
|
|
if- |
Ad. sk. |
Pegu, Feb. |
Gates CoU. |
|
h\ |
. Ad. sk. |
Thayeimyo. |
Hume Coll. |
|
i't |
;■'. 2 a<l- »^k. |
Lower Pegu, Dec. G. |
Oates Coll. |
|
k: |
■ Ad. sk. |
Upper Burmah, Sept. 20. |
Dr. J. Anderson [C.]. |
|
r. |
? ad. sk. |
Kollidoo, Tenasserim, Feb. 4 ( JF. Davisoji). |
Hume Coll. |
|
7n' |
'. S ad. ; n'- p. 2 ad. sk. |
Pahpoon, Dec, Jan. ( W. I).). |
Hume Coll. |
|
1'- |
-t'. (j ad. ; ?«'. |
Kaukaryit, May, Oct., Nov. |
Hume Coll. |
|
$ ad. sk. |
(J". Darling). |
||
|
v'. |
S ad. sk. |
Assoon, Feb. 1 (IF. Limhorq). |
Tweeddale Coll. |
|
lu' |
, x'. S ad. ; J/', z'. 5 ad. sk. |
Tbatone, Nov., Dec. ( W. D.). |
Hume Coll. |
|
a" |
. $ ad. sk. |
Tbeinzeik, Dec. (TF. Z».). |
Hume Coll. |
|
6'' |
. S ad. sk. |
Wimpoug, Dec. ( W. D.). |
Hume Coll. |
|
c" |
. S ad. ; d!' , e" . 5 ad. sk. |
Moulmein, Nov., Dec. (W. B.). |
Hume Coll. |
|
/' |
. (S ad. sk. |
Tboimgyeen Valley, Oct. 8 {C. T. Bingham). |
Hume Coll. |
|
fj" |
, h". (S ad. ; r-r.2 ad.sk. |
Amberst, Marcb {J.Armstrong). |
Hume Coll. |
|
m |
"-q". 6 ad.sk. |
Pakcban, Jan. (TF. D.). |
Hume Coll. |
|
r" |
. d ad. sk. |
Tonka, Jan. (/. Darlinq). |
Hume Coll. |
|
s" |
, <". d ad.; u". 2 ad. sk. |
Salaug, Feb., Marcb [J. D.). |
Hume Coll. |
|
v' |
', lo". Ad. sk. |
Siam (Schomburgk). |
Gould Coll. |
|
.v' |
'. Juv. sk. |
Cambodia, Sept. |
M. E. Pierre [P.]. |
|
y' |
', z". Ad. sk. |
Hainan, Feb. {R. Siuinhoe). |
Seebobm Coll. |
Speclmeus intermediate between U. hidica and U. epoj^s.
a. Ad. sk. h-e. Ad. sk.
f,g. 6 2 ad. sk. h. 2 ad. .sk.
i. cS ad. sk. j. 2 ^^- sli. k. Ad. sk. I. Ad. sk. »«, n. (S ad. ; o.
2 ad. sk. 2}. Ad. sk. q. cS ad. sk. r-y. Ad. sk. E. (S ad. sk. a', b'. Ad. sk.
India.
Ceylou, Nov., Dec. (<S'. Chapman
and H. Nevill). Coonoor, Jan., Feb. {F. Bay). Coonoor Gbaut, April {R. G.
Wardknv Ramsay). Nedivuttum.
Seegore, Feb. 17 ( W. Davison), Bangalore, April {R. G. W. R.). Madras. Belgaum, Jan., Marcb, Jime
[E. L. Butler). Deccan (S. B. Fairhank). Kbandeisb, I'eb. 3 [J. Davison). Etawab, Sept. to February. XJmbala, Oct. {R. C. Beavan). Naini Tal.
Gould Coll. Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll. Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll. Hume Coll. Tweeddale Coll. Gould Coll. Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll. Hume Coll. Hume Coll. Tweeddale Coll. Hume Coll.
1. UPUPA. 13
c', d! . S ad. ; e', Futtehgurh district, Jan., Feb. Hume Coll.
f . 5 ad. sk. {A. Anderson),
ff'-i'. cJ ad. sk. Futtehgurh, Aug., Sept. i^A. Hume Coll.
Anderson), j'-l'. Ad. sk. Oiulli Terai. Pinwill CoU.
m'. Ad. sk. Nepal. Hodgson Coll.
(Type of U. indica, Hodgs.) n'. Ad. sk. Darjiling. A. Bygrave Wharton,
Esq. [P.].
3. Upupa marginata.
Upupa marginata, Bjy. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 12 (1854, e.v Peters' MSS. in Mus. Berol. ut descr. nulla !) ; Cab. ^ Hein. Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 127 (18U0) ; Hartl. Faun. Madmj. p. 32 (1861) ; Schl. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 421 ; Grandid. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 355 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 103, no. 1256 (1869) ; Finsch Sf Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 199, note (1870) ; Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 84 (1877) ; Bartl P. Z. S. 1879, p. 771 ; Milne-Ediu. S) Grand. Hist. Nat. Madag., Ois. p. 270, pis. 93-95 (1879).
Adult. Similar to that of U. ejiops and with the primaries and secondaries similarly banded, but the transverse band of the tail is narrower and crosses the central feathers a little nearer the base ; the first primary is wide and long and reaches to the distal edge of the white band of the second primary, instead of being'narrow and short as in U. epops, and seldom reaching to the proximal edge of the band of the second primary. Total length about 12 inches, wing 5-8 tail 4-4, bill 2-0, tarsus 0-9.
Hah. Madagascar.
a, b. Ad. sk. Betsileo. Kev. J. Shaw [C.].
4. Upupa somalensis. (Plate I.) Upupa epops senegalensis {nee Sic), Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 397.
Adult mcde. Similar to that of U. epops, and with the primaries and tail similarly banded with white ; the upper back, neck, head, and under surface are deeper rufous almost as in U. afrkana, and the secondaries are marked as in that species, the basal two-thirds being white and the aincal third black crossed by a white transverse band. Total length about 10-5 inches, wing 5-4, tail 3-7, bill 2-2, tarsus 0'8.
There can be little doubt that the bird here described belongs to a species distinct from U. epops and U. africana, having the primaries banded as in the former bird and the secondaries like those of the latter as well as its rich colour.
Hah. Somali-Land.
a. Ad. sk. Somali {E. Lort-PhilUps). Shelley Coll.
(Type of the species.)
14
5. Upupa africana.
Upupa africana, Bechst. Euvze Uebers. iv. p. 172 (1811) ; lemm.
Man. cTOni. i. p. 416 (1820) ; Licht. Verz. Doiihl. p. IG (1823) ;
Finsch Sf mirtl. Voq. Osfafr. p. 200 (1870) ; SJiarpc m Dresser's
B. Eur. \. p. 182 (1871) ; id. ed. Layard's B. 8. Afr. pp. 134, 808
(1875-84) : Barratf, Ibis, 187G, p. 198 ; Bocac/e, Ont. Anqola,
p. 124 (1877-81); Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 294; 'Sharpe in Gates'
Matabele-Land, App. p. 304 (1881) ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 570 ;
id. Ibis, 1882, p. 245 ; Butler, Feilden, ^- lieid, Zool. 1882, p. 207 ;
Schalou; J. f. 0. 1886, p. 426; Symomh, Ibis, 1887, p. 328;
Biittik. Notes Leyd. Mus. p. 195 (1889) ; Soiiza, Jorn. Lish. (2) i.
p. 114 (1889). Upupa minor, Shaio, Gen. Zool. viii.p. 139 (1812) ; Wagler, Syst.Av.,
Upupa, sp. 2 (1827) ; Less. Traitc, p. 323 (1831); Jerd. ^- Selby, III. Orn. text to pi. 142 (1839) : Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 90 (1847) ;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 88 (1850) ; Grill, Zool. Antech}.^-^. 11, 40 (1858) ;
Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 128 (^1860) ; Kirk, Ibi^, 1864,
p. 324 (Zambesi) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1865, p. 265 (Natal) ; Layard,
Ibis, 1868, p. 243 (Swellenclam) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 103,
no. 1252 (1869); Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 365 (Bamangwato) ;
Sliellci/, Ibis, 1875, p. 69 (Durban) ; Sharpe ^- Bouvier, Bull. Soc.
Zool. France, i. p. 41 (1876, Landana) : Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 234
(Teita). ? Le Promerops Marcbeur Largup, male, Levaill. Hi^t. Xat.
Promerops etc., iii. p. 56, pi. 23 (1807) La Huppo cl'-\frique, VieiU. N. Diet. (THist. Nat. xv. p. 4 (1817) ;
id. i5)' Audeb. Ois. Dor. pi. ii. Promerops, p. 11 (1802). Upupa cristatella, VieiU. Gal. Ois. i. p. 306, pi. 184 (1825). Upupa capensis, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 115 (1837); Jard. 8f
Selby, III. Orn. pi. 142 (1839) ; Beichenb. Sandb. Scansares, p. 319,
pi. dxcv. fig. 4035 (1853). Upupa decorata, Hartl. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 86 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 103, no. 1255 (1869) ; Fischer, J. f. O. 1885, p. 127 (Ngurumau,
&c.) ; Schalou; J. f. 0. 1887, p. 236 (Mpava) ; Beichcn. J. f. O.
1889, p. 276 (Usegua).
Advlt male. Similar to that of U. epops, but the rufous colour much darker, the apical black spots of the crest-feathers without any trace of -white margin, no longitudinal dark streaks on the ab- domen, the primaries -nhoUy black, the basal two-thirds of the secondaries white, the terminal third black with a white transverse baud ; the white transverse band of the tail is much nearer the base than in TJ. epops.
Adult femcde. Similar to the male, but with the abdomen streaked as in U. epops, and with a black transverse band across the middle of the white basal two-thirds of the secondaries.
Hah. Southern Africa as far north as the Congo District on the west, and the Zanzibar District on the east.
a. Ad. sk. Cape Colony. F. Campbell, Esq.
[P.]. h. Ad. sk. Cape Colony. Earl of Derby [P.].
c. Juv. sk. South Afiica. Shelley Coll.
1. TTPrPA.
15
d, e. Ad. sk ; f-h. c? ad.;
i. 2 ad. sk. j. Ad. sk.
k. 2 ad. sk.
1. c? ad. sk.
m. $ ad. sk,
n. Ad. sk. o,p. (S ad.; q. 2 ad. sk.
r, s. S 2 ad.
sk. i. <S ad. sk.
M. c? ad. ; V, w.
2 ad. sk. X. 2 ad. sk.
y. 2 ad. sk.
2. Ad. sk. a'. Imm. sk.
b'. Ad. sk. c'. 2 ad. sk.
S.E. Africa.
Eland's Post, May (T. C.
Kroonstad, Orange Free State,
June (E. Si/mcincis). Pinetown, Natal, Feb. {T. L.
Ayres). Swazi-land, July 8 {T. E.
Uuckley). Bet-^\-een Pretoria and
Bamangwato {F. Oates). Transvaal ( T. Ayres). Transvaal, July, ^o^.{T.E.
Buckley). Lydenburg, Transvaal, June
(Gordge). Elephant Vley, Oct. (C. J.
Andersson) . Otjimbinque, March, June
(C. J. A.). Benguela.
Zambesi.
Zambesi [Chcqmian).
Mamboio, E. Africa {Sir J.
Kirk). Pangani (Sir J. Kirk). Kdi in Teita, Feb. {Dr.
Sildebrandt).
J. Eocke, Esq. [P.]. Sharpe & Shelley
Colls. Gui'uey Coll.
Shelley Coll.
SheUey Coll.
W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Esqrs. [P.]. Gumey Coll. Shelle'y Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Monteiro Coll. (Type
of U. decorata.) Sir J. Kirk [P.]. Sharpe Coll. Shelley Coll.
SheUey Coll. SheUey Coll.
16 lEEISOBID^-.
Family II. IRRISORIDtE.
The relationship subsisting between the Upupidce and Irrisoridce, so strongly urged, by Strickland, is now generally admitted, the many similar points of their structure being corroborative of this alliance. The points of difference, too, are manifest, but all of them of less apparent importance and serving only to separate the two families the one from the other.
The male in Irrisor has a much longer, more curved, and slender bill than the female.
Several fictitious species of Levaillant's have usually been placed in the Irrisoridce. They are as follows : —
Irrisor sibilator (V.). „ caudacutus (V.). „ lamprolo])hus (Wagl.). „ cceruleus (V.). „ cyaneus (V.).
The synonymy of these spurious species is fully given by Drs. Fin&ch and Hartlaub in their ' Yogel Ost-Afrika's ' (pp. 210, 211).
Another species, Irrisor theophilei of Prevost, has also probably no real existence (cf. Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 220),
Key to the Genera.
a. Nostrils elongated and open, slightly over-
hung by a strong thickened eave-like
edge. Bill luoderately arched 1. Irrisor, p. 16.
b. Nostrils elongated and completely over-
hung by a corneous membrane or oper- culum. Bill moderately arched or much curved.
a'. Bill moderately arched 2. Scopteltts, p. 21.
b'. Bill much curved 3. Rhinopomastus, p. 23.
1. IRRISOR. Typ,
Irrisor, Less. Trait/ d' Orn. p. 239 (1831) I. viridis.
Mange. Confined to Africa.
Key to the Species.
a. Head and throat metallic green or purple, wings and tail with white spots.
a'. Tail more or less purple viridis, p. 17.
b'. Tail more or less gi-eeuish blue erythrorhynchus, p. 19.
1. IRRISOR.
Head and throat buft or white, wings and
tail spotless. c . Head and throat buff; middle and lesser
wing-coverts bronzy purple bollii, p. 20.
d'. Head and throat white ; middle and lesser
wing-coverts steel-blue jacksoni, p. 21.
1. Irrisor viridis.
Upupa viridis, A. A. H. Lkht. Cat. rer. Nat. Hamb. p. 22 (1793). Promt5rops moqueur, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Promerops etc. p. 8, pis. 1,
2, 3 (1807). Falcinellus erytlirorhynclius (nee Lath.), Vieill. N. Diet. d'Ifist. Nat.
xxviii.p. 163 (1819). Nectariuia erythrorhynchos (nee Lath.), Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 15
(1823). Epimachus erythrorhynchos (nee Lath.), Wagler, Si/st. Av. Epi-
machus, sp. 4 (1^-^27). Irrisor capensis, Less. Traite cTOrn. p. 2.39 (1831) ; Cab. ^ Heine, Mus.
Hein. Th. ii. p. 1.39 (1860). Promerops erythrorhynchus (nee Lath.), Hm-tl. Vtrz. Brem. Samml.
p. 16 (1844) ; Bianc. Spee. Zuol. Mosamb. fasc. xviii. p. 320
(1867). Irrisor e.rvthrorhynchus (nee Lath.), Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 90 (1847,
pt.) ; Bn. Cons'p. i. p. 410 (18,50, pt.); Strickl. !^ Set. Contr. Orn.
1852, p. 154 (Damara) ; Grill, Zuol. Anteck. pp. 11, 40 (1858) ;
Gurney, Ibis, 1862, p. 27 (Natal) ; Mont. t. c. p. 334 (Angola) ;
Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 325 (Zambesi); Layarcl, B. S. Afr. p. 72
(1867) ; Hartl. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 824 (Zanzibar) ; Gray, Hand-l B.
i. p. 104, no. 1259 (1869); Layard, Ibis, 1869, p. 364 ; Sharpe,
P.Z. S. 1870, p. 149 (Rio Dande) ; Finsch Sc Hartl. Voq. 0»tafr.
p. 205 (1870) ; Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 65 (1872) ;
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873," p. 712 (Mombasa) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1865,
p. 69 (Durban) ; Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 137, 808
(1875-84) ; Buckley, Ibis, 1876, p. 133 (Bamangwato) ; Ban-att,
t. c. p. 199 (Lydenburg) ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 126 (1877-81) ;
Nichols. P.Z'.S. 1878, p. 355 (Dar-es-Salaam); Fisch. ^- Reichen.
J. f. O. 1878, p. 256 (Wanika), 1880, p. 141 (Nguru Mts.) ;
Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 294 (Transvaal) ; Sharpe, in Oates'' Matabele-
Ld. App. p. 304 (1881); Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 125 (Mombasa);
Shelley, Ibis, 1881, p. 570; Holub Sf Pelz. Orn. Siidafr. p. 71
(1882) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 245 (Umvuli River) ; id. P. Z. S.
1882, p. 302; Bohm, J.f. O. 1883, p. 190; Schalow, t. c. p. 351
(Mpapwa; Kakoma) ; Fisch. Zeitsch. qes. Orn. i. p. 360 (1884,
Pangani); Bohtn, J. f. O. 1885, p. 46; Fischer, t. c. p. 127;
Ayi-es, Ibis, 1885, p. 51 (Umzeila's country) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1885,
p. 395 (Somali) ; Souza, Jorn. Lisb. 1886, no. 43, p. 152 ; Schaloiv,
J. f. O. 1886, p. 426 ; Reicheji. J. f. O. 1887, p. 61 (Usandawi) ;
Schalow, J. f. O. 1887, p. 236 ; Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. x.
p. 222 (1888, Kasinga River), xi. p. 68 (1889, Humpata) ; Tristr.
Ibis, 1889, p. 225 (Kikombo) ; Souza, Jorn. Lisb. no. 48, p. 221
(1888) ; Reichen. J.f. O. 1889, p. 276. Irrisor senegalensis (nee V.), Gurney, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 2 (Damara);
Cab. in Von der Decken's Rets. iii. p. 34 (18(59) ; id. J. f. 0. 1878,
p. 234 ; Holub ^- Pelz. Beitr. Orn. Siidafr. p. 71 (1882)."
VOL. XVI. " C
18 IRElSOKIDJi.
Adult male. Upper surface glossy metallic green, with a shade of bronze on the back ; posterior portion of the crown and nape shaded with steel-blue ; lower back and upper tail-coverts purple or blue- black, edged with dark copper ; wings steel-blue, the primaries and primary-coverts greener, the latter tipped with white ; lesser coverts darker blue and broadly edged with coppery ; a band of white crosses the primaries beyond the middle, consisting of a large spot on the inner web and a small one on the outer (the latter absent in the three or four outer quills) : the shafts blackish ; tail purplish, with violet reflections above, greener beneath, the middle pair of rectrices unspotted, the rest with a transverse slightly oblique subterminal white bar more or less divided by the dark shaft ; under surface glossy metallic green on the breast and anterior portion of the abdomen ; throat aud chin glossy steel-blue ; lower abdomen and under tail- coverts black, with a tinge of purple ; under wing-coverts steel-blue. Total length about 14"5 inches, wing 5-4, bill from gape 2-45, tail 7 to 9, tarsus 0-9.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour, but with a shorter, straighter bill, the primary wing-coverts more widely tipped with white: "bill and feet scarlet; iris dark hazel" (y. E. BucMey). Total length about 13"5 inches, wing 5-2, bill from gape 1'75, tail 7-8, tarsus 0-9.
Young. Differs from the adult in having a black bill, the upper surface dusky black with a purplish or bi'onzy gloss, especially on the head, and sometimes with rusty-brown feathers on the crown and throat ; under surface dingy black, with hardly any gloss, this colour appearing first on the throat ; distal half of the primary- coverts white, the alar speculum being thus larger than that of the adult female, and much larger than that of the male.
Hah. Africa, from Angola and Mombasa southwards.
a, b. Ad. sk. Mombasa (Itev. J. Wakefield). Sharpe CoU.
c, d. Ad. sk. Mombasa (Handford). Rev. A. F. Buxton
[P.].
e. 9 ad. sk. Mainland opposite Mombasa, Dr. J. Hildebrandt
Aug. [C.].
f. Ad. sk. Dar-es-.Salaam. Messrs. Moir [P.].
g. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaam {E. C. Buxton). Shelley Coll. h. Ad. sk. Mamboio {Sir J. Kirk). Shelley CoU. i,j. Ad. et juv. Ugogo {Sir J. Kirk). SheUey Coll.
sk.
k,l. Ad. etjuv. Usambara Moimtains {Sir J. Shelley Coll.
sk. Kirk),
m, n. Ad. etjuv. Makalaka Country {Dr. Brad- Shelley Coll.
sk. shmv).
o. 5 ad. sk. 1st Makalaka Kraal, Zam- W. E. & C. G. Dates,
besi Road, March 30 {F. Esqrs. [P.]. Oates).
p. $ ad. sk. Tati, Matabele-Land, Jime 26 W. E. & C. G. Oates,
{F. Oates). Esqrs. [P.].
q. Juv. sk. Rnstenburg. F. A. Barratt, Esq.
[P.].
r. d" juv. sk. «• ? ad. sk.
<. Ad. sk.
"• 2 ad. sk.
V. Ad. sk. w, T. Ad. sk. y. Ad. sk.
z, «'■ c? ad. sk.
b'- S ad. sk. c'. 2 ad. sk.
6?'y. Ad. sk.
ff'. Ad. St. A',/, c? juv. ;/,
^. $ ad. et
juv. sk. I', d ad. sk.
m'. 2 ad. sk. n'. (^ juv. sk.
o'. d" ad. sk.
1. IRRISOR.
Rustenburg, June 7 (T. Ayres).
Limpopo River, Aug-. 1.3 (T. Ayres).
Potchefstroom {T. Ayres).
Swaziland, June 27 (T. E. Buckley).
Natal (T. Ayres).
Upper Umlaas River (Gordge).
Newcastle {Capt. Savile Raid).
Eland's Post, S.E. Africa {T. C. Atmore).
Eland's Post, June {T. C. A.).
Knysna, Jan. 16 ( C. J. Anders- son).
Damara-Land (C J. Anders- son). Damara-Land. Otjimbinque, Sept. (C. J. A.).
19
Gurney Coll. Gurney Coll.
SheUey CoU. Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll. Shellev Coll. Shelley Coll. Sharpe Coll.
Shelley Coll. Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
C. J. Andersson [CI. Sharpe Coll.
Elephant \lev,
J. A.). Ovaquenyama, June 4( C. J! A.). River Okavango, May (C J
A.). ■' '
Rio Dande, Angola, April Sharpe Coll
{Sala).
Aug. o (C. Gurney Coll.
Sharpe CoU. Sharpe Coll.
2. Irrisor erythrorhynchus.
Red-billed Promerops, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 124, pi. 110 ri787)
Upupa erythrorhrachos, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p 980 (1790)
Plipupa erythrorhynchos, -S/iaw ^- Miller, Cimel. Phys. p 96 (1796) :
l^haw ^- ^odd. Aat. Misc. xiii. pi. 533 (ex Miller) Promerops purpureus, Shair ^- Miller, Cimel. Phys.%\. 52 (1796)
piTs afei27 "'■^•'■°'''°'' '^'^'■'"' ^"'- ^''^■'^''- p*- 1' p- 1-50.
Promerops erythrorhynchos, Riipp. Syst. Uebeis. p. 28 (1845)- IIeuylSyst.Uehers.-^.2l{lSm) ^ ^'-°*^) ^
^^j/p'°?rpr4 aSO^^^^^^ ^"''''' '' ^"''' ^'''- """'■ ^''""''''P'
^V^16b7Si9)^'"^°''^^''' ^''^"- ^- ^*- '^^^^- ^«^- ^^™^- Nectarinia melanorhynchos, Licht. Verz. Bouhl. p 15 (1893) lalcmellus senegalensis, Vieill. Enc. Meth. ii. p. 580 (IS^S) Epimachus senegalensis, Wagler, Syst. Av. Epimachus, sp. 3 (1827) Epimachus erythrorhynchus, Riipp. Neue Wirb. p. 73 (ISS-oJo) Promerops senegalensis, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 117 (1837) ^' irnsor melanorhynchus, Gray, Gm. B. i. p. 90 (1847) : Bn Consn
fig?: 4i4i,'4^4i' (fSr'- '''"'''■ ''"'''''■ '''' '''' ^^^' ^-™- Irrisor senegalensis Str^k/ P^Z. S 1850, p. 216 ; Hartl. Orn. West-
p:tS^, T^&^si^t^T^-^-l^:^
c2
20 IRKISORID.E.
Irrisor erythrorhyncbus, Jard. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 57 (Abomey) ; Scl. t. c. p. 124 (Danakil) ; Brehm, Reis. Habesch, pp. 211, 279 (1863); Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 32 (1864) ; Heugl. Orn. N.O.- Afr. i. p. 214 (1869) ; Blanf. Geol. 8f Zool. Abyss, p. 332 (1870) ; Finsch, Trans. Z. S. vii. p. 226 (1870) ; Antin. Sr Salvad. Viagg. Boqos, p. 60(1873); Hartl. Abhandl.nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. p. 107 (1881); Feh. Verh.z.-h. Ges. Wien, xxxi. p. 608 (1881) ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvii. p. 427 (1884) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) i. p. 106 (1884), vi. p. 220 (1888).
Rhinopomastes cvanomelas (nee Vieill. !), Horsf. ^ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. ii. p. 727 (1856-58); Heugl. J.f. O. 1867, p. 201 (ex Wiirt. MSS. !!).
Irrisor blythii, Heugl. J.f. O. 1867, p. 202.
Similar to /. viridis, but differing in its steel-green tail, which shows scarcely any violet or purple reflections.
There can be no doubt, I think, that Latham's title applies to the northern form of this Irrisor, of which /. senegcdensis, Sw., is a synonym. Of the latter, I have examined the type kindly lent me by the authorities of the Cambridge University Museum.
Hah. "West Africa, from the Gambia to the Niger. N.E. Africa, from Bogos-Land to Shoa, extending into the Niam-Niam country.
a. Ad. etjuv.sk. Bathurst,Eiver Gambia (Qm/m). Sharpe Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Bathurst, River Gambia. Shelley Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Bissao. Sharpe Coll.
d. e. Juv.sk. HiYer Gambia. (Sir A. Moloney). Shelley Coll. /. Ad. sk. Abomey. L. Fraser [C.].
^. Ad. sk. Om-Badr, Darfur. B. Solymos,Esq. [P.].
A, 2. Ad. et juv. Maragaz, Bogos-Land, July 29 Tweeddale Coll.
( W. Jesse).
j. (S juv. sk. Kokai, July 12 ( W. Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.
k, I. c? ad. et juv. ; Anseba Valley, July 30. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
m. 2 ad. sk. [C.].
n. 2 ad. sk. Ailat, Bogos. W. T, Blanford, Esq.
[C.].
o. Juv. sk. Ailat, Bogos (Esler). Sharpe Coll.
p. Imm. sk. Senaf(5, Tigr(5, Feb. 24. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[C.].
q, r. Ad. ; s, f, Shoa (Sir W. C. Hams). India Museum.
M. Imm. sk.
V. Ad. sk. N.E. Africa (Mus. Vindob.). Sharpe Coll.
w. 2 ad. sk. Kutschugali, Niam-Niam, F. Bohndorff [C.].
Sept.
3. Irrisor boUii. (Plate II.)
Irrisor bollei, Hartl. J.f. O. 1858, p. 445; id. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 108; S/iarpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 414 ; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 10 (1871) ; id. Ibis, 1872, p 67 ; Reichen. J.f. O. 1875, p. 20.
Adult male. Upper surface from the nape to the middle of the back glossy green; lower back, upper tail-coverts, and basal two- thirds of the central rectrices and the rest of the tail on the outer webs towards the base dark reddish purple; terminal third of the central
BCOPTELrS.
21
rectrices and the rest of the tail, together with the wiugs, steel-blue ; middle and lesser wing-coverts reddish-copper ; head and throat bufif; breast and anterior portion of the abdomen glossy green like the back, lower abdomen and under tail-coverts black faintly tinged with bronze ; bill red ; feet yellowish hazel. Total length about 14*5 inches, wing 5'1, tail 8'2, bill 2, tarsus 0'9.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but with a shorter, stouter, straighter bill.
Young. Bin black, the head and throat covered with dusky-black feathers, which are gradually replaced by the buff feathers of the adult.
Hab. Forest-districts of the Gold Coast.
a. Ad. sk. Fantee. Purchased.
(Type of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Fantee (H. T. Vssher). Sharpe Coll.
c. Imm. sk. Fantee. A. Swanzv, Esq. [P.].
d. e. Ad. sk. Fantee {H. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll. /. Imm. sk. Wasa Province, Julv {H. F. Sharpe Coll.
Blissett). g. Ad. sk. Mampon, Aug. {H. F. B. ). Shelley Coll.
4. Irrisor jacksoni. (Plate III. fig. 1.) Irrisor jacksoni, Sharpe, Ann. 8/- Mag. Nat. Hist. 1890, vi. p. 503,
Adult male. Similar to that of /. hollei, but with the glossy-green of the back rather brighter, that of the breast rather more bronzy ; head and throat nearly white ; middle and lesser wing-coverts steel- blue untinged with bronzy-purple ; central rectrices bluer, less purple : bill, lores, and circumocular region coral-red ; feet yellowish red; iris orange. Total length about 14 inches, wing 5'4, tail 8'5, bill 1'75, tarsus 0-75.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but with a shorter, rather straighter bill. The glossy green of the sides of the neck extends to the posterior margin of the orbit.
Hab. Central East Africa, forests of Mount Elgon.
2. SCOPTELUS.
Type. Scoptelus, Cab. ^- Heine, Mus. Hem. ii. p. 129 (1860) .... S. notatus.
Uanije. Western and North-eastern Afi'ica.
Key to the Species.
a. Head and neck steel-blue ; wings with a white
median band.
a . Tail spotless aterrimus, p. 22.
b'. Outermost rectrix on either .side with a .sub- terminal white baud, sometimes divided into two spots Jiofatus, p. 22.
b. Head and neck chestnut, wiugs uubauded .... castaneiccps, p. 23,
22 IREISORID^.
1. Scoptelus aterrimus.
Lesser Black Promerops, Lath. Gen. Hist. iv. p. Ill (1822). Promerops aterrimus, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiv. pt. 1, p. 257
(1826) ; Hnril. Verz. Brem. Samml. p. 16 (1844). Promerops pusillus, Swains, B. W. Afr. ii. p. 120 (1837). Irrisor aterrimus, Gray, Gen. B. i. 'p. 90 (1847) ; id. Hand-l. B. i.
p. 104, no. 1267 (1869). RLinopomastes pusillus, Bj). Consp. i. p. 411 (1850); Reichenh.
Handb. Scanasores, p. 326 (1853). L-risor pusillus, Hard. Orn. W.-Afi: p. 43 (1837) ; id. J.f 0. 1861,
p. 108.
Adult {female ?). Glossy purple, more steel-blue on the anterior portion of the crown, wings, and tail ; under surface from the throat to the vent blacker ; wing with a central white band, the outer webs of the first, second, and third quills black ; tips of all the quills grey with a darker edge ; outermost primary-coverts steel-blue, the next six white ; bill dark horn-colour, feet black. Total length about 8-8 inches, wing 3-9, tail 4-7, bill 1-2, tarsus 0-7.
Young. Similar to the adult, but browner on the sides of the head and on the whole of the under surface.
I have not seen an authentic adult male specimen of this species. It probably has the primaries nearly wholly steel-blue towards the tips, with hardly any trace of grey colour characteristic of the females in the allied forms.
Drs. Pinsch and Hartlaub have recorded this species from Damara- Land from an examination of young specimens, and have been followed by Guruey. These specimens, when re-examined, will most probably be found to belong to Rhinopomastus cyanomelas, as urged by Mr. Sharpe.
Hah. Senegambia.
a. Ad. sk. Senegambia. Shelley Coll.
b, c. Ad. et juv. S. Louis, Senegal (i. Tweeddale Coll. sk. Lagluize).
d. Imm. sk. Senegambia.
2. Scoptelus notatus.
Epimaehus cyanomelas {nee V.), Riljsp. Neue Wirb. p. 79 (1835-40). Promerops c3anomelas (»iec V.), Riipp. Syst. fe&ws. p. 28 (1845) ;
Heugl. Syst. Uebers. p. 20 (1856). Rhinopomastes cyanomelas {nee V.), Ho)-sf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mus.
E. I. Co. ii. p. 727 (1854, spec. A). Scoptelus aterrimus {nee Steph.), Cab. ^" Heine., Mus. Hein. Th. ii.
p. 129 (1860) ; Antin. 8f Salvad. Yiagg. Bvgos, p. 61 (1873) ;
Sharpe in Bayard's B. S. Afr. p. 140 (1875). Irrisor cyanomelas (nee V.), Heugl. J.f O. 1864, p. 263. Rhinopomastes pusiUus {nee Sw.), Antin. Cat. deser. Ucc. p. 32
(1854) ; Suhad. Atti R. Accad. Torin. v. p. 729 (1870). Irrisor aterrimus {nee Steph.), Cab. in Von der Decken's Reis. iii.
p. 34 (1869); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr.i. p. 219 (1869) ; Blanf.
3. RHINOPOMASTUS. 23
Geol. Si Zool. Abyss, p. 334(1870) ; Finsch, Ttwis. Z. S. vii. p. 227 (1870) ; Hartl. Abhandl. not. Ver. Bremen, viii. p. 205 (1888). ? Irrisor pusillus {nee Sw.), Reichen. Jf. 0. 1887, p. 305(Leopoldville).
Adult. Similar to that of S. aterrimus, but the upper surface bluer where >S'. aterrimus is purple and greener where that bird is steel-blue ; the outermost rectrix on either side alwaj-s has a subterminal white band, which varies somewhat in width and is sometimes divided into two spots by the dark shaft.
Young. Differs from the young of S. pusillus in the same way as the adults from one another.
The adult males of this species have a dark greyish subterminal patch on the inner webs of the primaries. In the females this is much larger, paler, and more distinct.
This bird of i^.E. Africa has usually been united with the West- African >S'. imsillus, but from the specimens before me I have no difficulty in distinguishing the two birds.
Hab. North-east Africa, perhaps extending into the Congo region.
a. Imm. sk. Ailat, Bogos (Hsler). Sharpe Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Senafe, Abyssinia, May 13 Tweeddale Coll.
( JF. Jesse).
c. S ad. sk. Rairo, Bogos, Aug. ( W. Tweeddale Coll.
Jesse).
d. c? ad. sk. Mohaber, .luly 9 ( W. Jesse). Sharpe Coll.
e. 2 juv. sk. Anseba Vallev, Aug. 7. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[C.]. /. [ 5 ] ad. St. Abyssmia (Sir JF. C. Harris). India Museum.
3. Scoptelus castaneiceps. (Plate III. fig. 2.) Irrisor bollei, juv., Hartl. J.f. Orn. 1858, p. 445. Irrisor castaneiceps, Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 414, 1872, p. G7 ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 51.
Adult. Upper surface glossy steel-blue, brighter and greener on the back, scapulars, and wing-coverts ; lower back and upper tail- coverts darker and duller ; tail rich purple ; whole head and neck chestnut ; abdomen greenish black ; under tail-coverts more purple ; bill horn-colour, the tomia whitish ; feet black. Total length about 12 inches, wing 4-2, tail 6-6, bill 1-3, tarsus 0-7.
Specimen a is in rather fresher plumage than the type and the tail is richer purple.
Bab. Forests of the Gold Coast.
a. Ad. sk. Fantee. Purchased.
b. Ad. sk. Fantee (H. T. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
(Type of the species. )
3. RHINOPOMASTUS.
-r.1 • r. Type.
Kiimopomastus, Smith, Zool. Journ. iv. p. 2 (182S) . . R. cyanomelas.
Ranrje. Southern Africa as far as Angola and the Congo region on the west ; and throughout Eastern and Xorth-castcrn Africa.
24 IRRISORIDS.
Key to the iSjjecies.
a. "Wings with a median white bar ; tail with sub- terminal white spots more or less distinct.
a. Larger ; bill black cyanomelax, p. 24.
b'. Smaller ; bill yellow minor, p. 2G.
h. Wings and tail spotless, bill yellow cabanisi, p. 26.
1. Rhinopomastus cyanomelas.
Le Prom^rops namaquois, Temiu. Cat. Syst. du Cabinet d'Orn.
pp. 74, 217 (1807) ; Levaill. Hist. Nat. 'From. pi. 5 (ad.), pi. 6
(juv.)(1807). Falcinellus cyanomelas, Vieill. N. Diet. cTRist. Nat. xxviii. p. 165
(1819). Upupa purpurea, Bttrch. Trav. 8. Afr. i. pp. 326, 464 (1822). Epimachus cyanomelas, Wagler, Syst. Av., Promerops, sp. 5 (1827), Epimachus unicolor, Wagler, Isis, 1829, p. 656. Rhinopomastus smithii, Jard. Zool. Journ. iv. p. 1, pi. i. (1828). Ebinopomastes cyanomelas. Less. Traite d'Orn. p. 239 (1831); Bp.
Consp. i. p. 411 ( 1850) ; Reichenb. Handb. Scansoi-es, p. 325, Taf. dc.
tigs. 4048-49 ( 1853) ; Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 129
(1860) ; Hartl. Ibis, 1862, p. 145 ; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 199 ; Sharps,
ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 138, 809 (1876-84) ; Cab. J.f. 0. 1878,
p. 234; Sharpe, in' Oates' Matabeh-Land, A^-p. p. .304 (1881);
SheUey, P. Z. S. 18«1, p. 570, 1882, p. .'502 ; Butler, Feilden, Sf Beid,
Zool. 1882, p. 207 ; Schaloio,J.f. O. 1883, p. 351 ; Fischer, J.f. O.
1885, p. 127 ; Ayres, Ibis, 1887, p. 52 ; Symonds, t. c. p. 328. Promerops purpuratus. Strains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 121 (1837). Rhinopomastes levaillanti, Less, (ubi F), teste G. R. Gray. Epimachus unicolor, Licht. Verz. Vog. Kaffernl. p. 17 (1842). Irrisor cyanomelas, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 90 (1847 ) ; Scl. P. Z. S.
1864, p. 110; Mont. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 94: Layard, B. S. Afr.
p. 73; Gurney, Ibis, 1868, p. 44 ; Ilei/yl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 217
(1869); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 104. no. 1268 (1869) ; Sharps, P.
Z. S. 1869, p". 567 ; Finsch ^- Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 207 (1870) ;
Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 67 (1872) ; Kirk, Ibis, 1872,
p. 325; Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 366; Fischer <Sr Reichen. J. /.. O.
1878, p. 256, 1879, p. 344 (Malindi) ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 127
(1881); £oh7n, J. f. 0. 1883, p. 190; Fischer, Zeifschr. ges. Orn. i.
p. 360 (1884) ; id. J.f. O. 1885, p. 127 ; Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus.
X. p. 222 (1888), xi. p. 68 (1889) ; Souza, Jorn. Lisb. no. 45 (1887) ;
Shelle}!, Ibis, 1888, p. 297; id. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 358; Reichen.
.If 6. 1889, p. 276 (Quilimane). Irrisor unicolor. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 90 (1847) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 411
(1850). Rhinopomastes unicolor, Licht. Nomencl. p. (!^ (1854). Irrisor aterrimus, Finsch ^ Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 209 (1870) ;
Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 68 (1872).
Adult male. Glossy steel-blue, more purple on the back, scapulars, and hind neck, duller on the chin and throat, blacker on the abdomen and under wing-coverts ; a white band crosses the middle of the primaries, the outer web of the first three quills being wholly dark, a small .=pot of white appearing ou the outer web of the fourth quill,
3. RHIXOPOMASrUB.
25
the spot on the inner web of the first quill is sometimea wanting ; the outermost four primary-coverts steel-blue, the fifth to the eighth white ; a subterminal white band on the outermost two rectrices ■white, divided into two spots by the dark shaft : bill and feet black, iris hazel {F. Oates). Total length about 11 inches, wing 4-3, tail 5, bill 1'65, tarsus 1'8.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but with the tips of the primaries grey, and the chin and throat browner.
Young. Similar to the female, but the head and under surface generally browner.
Hah. Southern Africa, ranging to Benguela on the west and the Zambesi on the east, and thence northwards to Mombasa.
a-c. Ad. sk.
d. Juv. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f. 2 imm. sk. </, h. 5 ad. et
imm. sk. i. Ad. sk.
j. Ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
/. 5 imm. sk.
m. 2 ^d. sk.
71. (5 ad. sk.
o. (J ad. sk.
/). (5 ad. sk.
g. cS f^d. sk.
r. Ad. ; s, t, u.
Imm. sk. r', w, .r. Ad. sk. y. Ad. St. z. Ad. sk. a', h\ J ad. et
5 imm. sk. c', d'. (S 5 imm.
sk. e'. Ad. sk. /'. Ad.sk. g'. Ad. sk. A', i'. Ad. et juv.
sk. j' , k'. (^ ad. et
imm. sk.
South Africa. Sir A. Smith [C.].
South Africa (U. L. Layard). Sharpe Coll. Cape Colony {Butler). Shelley Coll.
Griqualand, April (T. 6'. Atmore). Shelley Coll. ls-Ata\ {T. Aijres). Sharpe Coll.
Natal {F. Oates).
Kroonstaad, Orange Free State,
May {Symonds). Marico.
Kanye, Matabele-Land (Dr. H.
Exton) . Matabele-Land, Sept. 22 {T. E.
Buckley). Bamangwato, Aug. 5 {T. E.
Buckley). Metli River, near Shoshong,
Aug. 10 {F. Oates). Serule, Oct. 18 {F. Oates).
Palatswie River, Oct. 20 {F.
Oates). Makalaka Country {Dr. Brad-
shaw). Zambesi. Zambesi. Zambesi {Dr. Otjimbinque,
May, June Otjimbinque,
{C.J. A.). Benguela(J. J. M.). RiverQuanza, Nov. 15 {J. J. M.). Lamu {Sir J. Kirk). Doruma, Aug.
Mauda Island, Nov.
Meller).
Damara-Land, [C. J. Andersson).
April, June
W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Esqrs. [P.]. Gurney Coll.
F. A. Barratt, Esq.
[C.]. Sharpe Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
W. E. & C. G. Oatea,
Esqrs. [P.]. W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Esqrs. [P.]. W.E.&C.G. Oates,
Esqrs. [P.]. Shelley Coll.
Sir J. Kirk [P.j. Sir J. Kirk [P.]. Tweeddale Coll. Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Monteiro Coll. Sharpe Coll. Shelley Coll. 11. C. V. Hunter,
Esq. [P.]. F. J. Jackson, Esq.
[P.].
26 IBBISOBID^.
2. RMnopomastus minor.
Promerops minor, RUpp. Syd. Uebers. p. 28 (1845).
Epimaclius minor, Rilpp. t. c. pi. 8 (1845).
Irrisor minor, Grm/, Gen. B. i. p. 90 (1847) ; Speke, Ibis, 1860, p. 224
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 104, no. 1269 (1869) ; Heiigl. Orn. N.O.-
Afr. i. p. 218 (1869) ; Fiiisch ^ Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 206 (1870)
Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 397. Rhinopomastes minor, i?;j. Consp. i. p. 114 (1850) ; Reichenb. Handb
Scansores, p. 326, Taf. dc. fig 4050 (1853) ; Cab. ^ Hei>2e, Mm.
Hein. Th. ii. p. 129, note (1860) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov
(2) vi. p. 220 (1888).
Similar to B. cyanomelas, but smaller, the bill yellow and the primary-coverts wholly steel-blue. Total length about 9 inches, wing 3'7, tail 3-7, bill 1-35, tarsus 0-7.
Hab. N.E. Africa, from Shoa to Somali-land.
a. Ad. sk. Shoa. Dr. Rappell [C.].
3. Ehinopomastus cabanisi.
Irrisor cahanisi, De Fili.]}pi, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 289 (Upper White Nile) ; Hartl. Orn. IV.-Afr. p. 270 (1857) ; Gray, Hand-l. 5. i. p. 104, no. 1270 (1869); Heiigl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 219 (1869, Upper White Nile ); Finsch ^ Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 207, note (1870) ; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. p. 107 (1882, Lado); Fischer, Zcitschr. ges. Orn. p. 360 (1884, Mossiro) ; Beichen. J.f. O. 1887, p. 61 (Salaiida).
Promerops icterorhynchus, Heugl. Syst. Uebers. p. 20 (1856).
Rhinopomastes cahanisi, Reichenb. Handb. Scatisores, p. 326 (1853) ; Cah. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 129, note (I860) ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 306 (Mamboio) ; Fischer, J. f. O. 1885, p. 127 (Mossiro).
Irrisor cyanomelas (nee V.), Hartl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 105 (Kazeh).
Irrisor minor (nee Riipj).), Shelley, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 358.
Adult male. Glossy steel-blue, more purple on the back, scapulars, head, and hind neck, blacker on the breast and abdomen ; wings and tail spotless ; bill yellow ; tarsi and toes black. Total length about 9 inches, wing 3-8, tail 4-4, bill 1-5, tarsus 0-8.
Young. Duller than the adult, the under surface browner : " bill yellowish horn -colour ; feet black ; iris dusky brown " (Emin Pasha).
Hub. From the Upper White Nile region to the Zanzibar district of Eastern Africa.
a Ad.sk. Taveta, E. Africa. H.G.V. Hunter, Esq.
[P.].
b. Ad. sk. Mamboio {Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.
c. 2 j'lv. sk. Lado, Jan. 29 (Fmin Pasha). Shelley Coll.
27
Suborder TROCHILI.
(By OSBERT SALVIN.)
Skeleton*. — Maxilla and mandible long and slender; anteorbital very large and blended with the lachrymal, which probably forms but a small portion of it f ; interorbital septum and anterior wall of the brain-case slightly ossified ; deutary process of premaxilla and the maxilla form a free rod beneath the lateral margin of the premaxilla on either side, secured only at its extremities. Maxillo- palatines a flat horizontal lamina widely separated in the median line. Vomer deeply cleft behind, with a somewhat rounded ante- rior margin, from the middle of which a long, straight, slender spine proceeds. Palatines widely separated in the middle line, diverging posteriorly ; outer margins nearly straight, long, and slender ante- riorl}', and, after coalescing with themaxiUa, pass into a pointed free end. Rostrum of basisphenoid very broad; no pterygoid processes. Pterygoids straight subcylindrical rods. Quadrate nearly horizontal ; mastoidal and mandibular ends each with two transverse facets ; a " peg "-like process receives the hollowed end of the pterygoid ; the orbital process much reduced ; angle of the mandible truncated ; ends of the hyoidean apparatus embrace the back of the skull and, meeting on the top, extend forward side by side along the middle line, grooves in the cranium receiving them when they lie in contact with it. Spinal column with 32 vertebra and a pygostyle, the last two dorsals anchylosed to the pelvic sacrum. Sternum long, gradu- ally widening towards the siphoidal end, which has an entire rounded border ; manubrium absent ; carina very deep. Coracoid with a tendinal canal closed with bone, and a large perforation in the shaft below it ; sternal extremity not dilated. Hypocloidium of the very broad U-shaped furculum rudimentary ; blade of scapula bent at an obtuse angle outwards in the same plane as that of its chief surface. Humerus short and broad, of peculiar shape, shorter than the ulna ; radius much arched ; metacarpus considerably longer than the ulna ; phalanges of the manus very long and peculiarly shaped ; four sesa- moids— two in the carpus and two in the elbow. Large free patella ; pro- and ectocnemial processes of the tibio-tarsus rudimentary ; hypotarsus of metatarsus both pierced and grooved for tendons. Hallux incumbent. Phalanges of pes normal (2-3-4-5).
The tongue J of the Trocliili is very long, and can be thrust out far beyond the end of the long bill. The anterior portion moves in a sheath, and presents the appearance of two cylinders united, with a deep groove above and another beneath, for part of their length,
* Shufeldt, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 912.
+ Shufeldt, Journ. Lixri. Soc, Zool. xx. p. 385.
\ W. Macgillivray in Aud. B. Am. iv. p. 197.
28 TROCQILI.
beyond which they become flattened, concave above, thin-edged and lacerated externally, thick-edged internally, and though lying parallel to one another and in contact can be separated.
The trachea bifurcates very high up, there being a small globular swelling at the fork *. There are no sterno-trachiales muscles.
The heart is very large, and the left carotid artery runs in a direct course.
The inteMinal canal is entirely covered by the liver. There are no caeca.
Pterijloijraphii t. — A median naked space of a spindle-shaped outline on the crown, running longitudinally between the eyes and the base of the maxilla ; median naked space of the neck continued nearly to the base of the mandible ; a large naked nape-space ; the humeral tract passes over the head of the humerus, and the femoral tract is apparently absent ; the spinal tract is very broad and iozenge-shaped, spreading over nearly the whole of the dorsal region ; a short longitudinal naked strip occupies tlie middle of this tract.
The number of rectrices is 10, of primaries 10, secondaries 6.
The wings generally are very uniform in structure, but in some species the outer primary is filiform towards the tip, and in others narrow for the whole of its length.
The tail is very diverse in form, and in some cases, as in Loddi- ffcsia, profoundly modified.
The plumage generally, especially on the upper surface, has shining quasi-metallic tints, and special effects are produced, chiefly on the crown and throat, by glittering squamosa feathers.
The female builds a cup-shaped nest, of varied material, such as moss, &c., the exterior of which is frequently covered with spiders' web and ornamented with small bits of lichen. These are stuck on to the outside. The eggs are always two in number, rather elongate in form, and rounded nearly alike at each end ; their colour is always white.
The Trochili may be divided into three sections, as follows : —
Section A. — Sheath of the maxilla serrate towards the I Trochili anterior portion of the tomia ; the sheath of the > serrirostres, mandible sometimes similarly serrate ) p. 20.
Section B. — Sheath of the maxilla indistinctly and | intermedii feebly serrate towards the end of the tomia | .i 114 '
Section C. — Sheath of both maxilla and mandible | igevirostres with a smooth tomia to the end f q^q '
* ShufekU, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zaol. xx. p. oSi), pi. '2o. t Id. ibid. p. 1566.
29
Section A. TROCHILI SERRIROSTRES.
Sheath of the maxilla serrate towards the anterior portion of the tomia ; the sheath of the mandible sometimes similarly serrate. (For Sec. B, see p. 114 ; Sec. C, see p. 256.)
Key to the Genera.
a. Bill cuneate, wide at the base, and gradually
compressed towards the tip. a'. Tail cuneate ; nasal covers completely
hidden 1. Heliothbix, p. 30.
h' . Tail rounded ; nasal covers partly exposed. 2. Schistbs, p. 33. c'. Tail square ; nasal covers fully exposed. . 3. Augastes, p. 35.
b. Bill with the sides subparallel, drawn to-
gether rather abruptly towards the tip. d'. Tomia of both maxilla and mandible more or less distinctly serrate ; under surface always plain, without glittering hues. a" . Bill long and nearly straight.
a'". Tail long and rounded ; bill slightly
depressed, strongly hooked and [p. 8G.
deeply serrate ; sexes similar .... 4. Rhamphodon, b'". Tail short and rounded; bill shghtly upturned, strongly hooked and
deeply serrate ; sexes similar .... 5. Androdon, p. 37. c'". Tail very short and rounded ; bill slender and slightly upturned; no terminal houk ; serration feeble ; [p. 38.
forehead of male glittering 6. Hemistephania,
b" . Bill long and arched ; tail rounded ;
sexes similar 7. Glaucis, p. 41.
e'. Tomia of mandible only distinctly serrate towards the distal end ; under surface usually glittering. c''. Interramal space nude ; culmen bare to the base ; nasal covers fully exposed. d'". Tail normal, rounded or forked.
a^. Bill nearly straight, short. [p. 44.
a\ Smaller ; rectrices narrower . . 8. Chlorostilbon,
b'. Larger ; rectrices wider 9. Sporadin us, p. 57.
6'. Bill longer, slightly decurved.
c\ Sexes dissimilar 10. Iache, p. 59.
d^. Sexes similar ; male with female
plumage 11. Phjeoptila, p. 63.
e'". Tail abnormal; the subexternal pair
of rectrices very long 12. Aithurus, p. G4.
d'' . Interramal .space feathered. /'". Bill slender ; tomia of maxilla roUed inwards near the tip ; sexes dis- similar, c*. Tail more or less rounded.
e\ Bill nearly straight ; lateral rec- trices white at the base. ff". Crown pure white ; feathers
full, extending over the nasal [p. 00.
covers 1.3. Microchera,
i°. Crown black; nasal covers par- [p, 67.
tially e.xposed 14. CAixiPHARrs,
30 TROCHILI.
/', Bill nearly straight, stouter ; tail [p. 68.
glittering green 15. Panychlora,
g'. Bill decurved ; lateral rectrices white at the base, c". Bill comparatively long and
less curved 16. Eupherusa, p. 72.
d^. Bill shorter and more curved. 17. Elvira, p. 74. d*^. Tail forked (crown glittering blue, or green or greenish black ; no white at the base of the lateral
rectrices) 18. Thalurania, p. 76.
g'". Bill stouter; tomia of mandible not rolled inwards towards the tip. e^. Cidmen feathered at the base ; nasal covers partially exposed ; sexes dissimilar. h?. Under tail-coverts large and full ; [p. 87.
tail bronze or greenish bronze. . 19. Hypuroptila, t". Under tail-coverts normal ; latei'al rectrices purple or reddish purple.
e°. BiU moderately decurved. ... 20. Lampornis, p. 91. y*. Bill upturned towards the base 22. Avocettula, p. 101. y*. Culmen feathered at the base ; nasal covers also feathered, except along their lower edges ; sexes alike. y°. Wings glittering metallic green ;
no auricular glittering tufts . . 23. Ettlampis, p. 102. ¥'. Wings normal, no glittering blue
auricular tufts 21. PiNAROL^MA.p.lOl.
Z'. Wings normal, purplish black; [p. 105.
glittering blue auricular tufts . . 24. Petasophora, g"^. Culmen feathered a long way from
the base ; nasal covers completely [p. 113.
hidden ; sexes dissimilar 25. Chrysolampis,
1. HELIOTHRIX.
Type. Heliothrix, Boie^ Isis, 1831, p. 547 H. auritus.
Range. Tropical America, from British Honduras and Guatemala to Southern Brazil.
Key to the Species.
a. Crown glittering green.
a. Throat white auritus, p. 30.
b'. Throat glittering green auriculatus, p. 32.
b. Crovsm glittering blue barroti, p. 32.
1. Heliothrix auritus.
Trochilus auritus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 493 ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 311 ;
Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. N. vii. p. 368 ; id. Enc. Meth. p. 567 ; Less.
hid. Gen. Troch. p. xx ; Cab. in Schomb. Guiana, iii.p. 707. L'Oiseau-Mouche a oreilles, Aud. Ois. Dur. i. p. 67, pis. 25, 26. Orni.smya aurita, Less. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, pp. xix, 63, pis.
Heliothrix auritus, Boie, Isis, 1831, p. 547; Gi'ag, Gen. B. i. p. 115 ;
1. HELIOTHRIX. 31
Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 69 ; id. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 251 ; Gould, Mon.
Troch. iv. pi. 213 (Oct. 1853); id. Inti: Trock.^. 121 ; id. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 803 ; Eeich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 13 ; Des Murs iti Cast. Vmj. i.
p. 38 ; Cab. ^ Heine, Mm. Hein. iii. p. 28 ; Sol. Cat. Am. B.
p. 305 ; Muh. Sf Verr. Class. Troch. p. 58 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 103 ; Scl. ^- Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 584, 979, 18G8, p. 169,
1873, p. 288 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 34 ; imtehj, P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 189; Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, ii. p. 237, iv. p. 207;
id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 214 ; Elliot, Syn. Troch.
p. 174 ; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 366 ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 434 ;
Berl. J.f. Orn. 1887, p. 319. Orriismya nigrotis. Less. Siipjjl. Ois.-Mouches, p. 97. Trochilus nigrotis, Less. Ind. Gen. Troch. p. xx. Heliothrix nigrotis. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 115; Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 69;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 34. Heliothrix longirostris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1862^ p. 124 ; Gray, Hand-l.
B. i. p. 153.
Adult male. Upper surface shining golden green, glittering on the crown and on the sides of the throat from the base of the mandible ; lores and ear-coverts jet-black, a post-auricular patch glittering blue ; entire under surface and the two lateral rectrices on either side pure white ; four median rectrices black ; bill black. Total length about 4-5 inches, wing 2-4, central rectrices 1-9, lateral 1*25, bill 0-95.
Adult female. Like the male, but the crown shining green like the back ; no glittering green on the sides of the throat nor glitter- ing blue post-auricular patch ; throat and chest spotted with dusky : tail long (central rectrices 2-9, lateral 1'55) ; lateral rectrices with a transverse black bar near the base.
Young males resemble the female, but have no dusky spots on the throat and no black transverse bar at the base of the lateral rec- trices : the feathers of the crown are generally edged with rufous.
Hah. South America, from the eastern side of the Andes to the mouth of the Amazon ; Guiana and Venezuela.
a. c? ; 6- 2 ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll.
c, d. cJad. sk. Rotimo, Ecuador {BucMey). Gould Coll.
^- (?;/•$ ad. sk. Cauelos, Ecuador (-BmcA-Zp?/). Gould Coll.
g. (S ; h-j. 2 ad. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman &
sk. Gould CoUs.
k,l. (S; m, n. J Ecuador. Gould Coll. (Types
ad. sk. of H. longirostris, Gould.)
o-q. S; r, s. 2 Pebas, Amazons, Mar. & April Salvin-Godman &
ad. sk. (Haurwell). Gould CoUs.
t. (S juv. sk. Guia, Upper R. Negro, Nov, Salvin-Godman Coll.
( Wallace).
u. (S juv. sk. Para. Gould Coll.
V. c? ad. sk. Cayenne. Gould Coll.
w. (5; .2'. 5ad.sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll
Aug. (H. Whitely).
y, s, a'. d;b'. 2 Merum^ Mts., B. Guiana, Jime Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. and July (H. W.).
c'. 5ad.sk. R. Atapurow, B. Guiana, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(H. W.).
d'. S ad. sk. Venezuela ? Salvin-Godman Coll.
e'. 5 ad. St. Purchased.
32 TEOCHILI.
2. Heliothrix auriculatus.
Trochihi3 auriculatus, Ncrdm. in Ennan's lieise, p. /J, pi. 2. figs. 1,2.
Troi'hilus auritus, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 104 {nee Gm.).
Heliothrix poucheti, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 69 ; Muls. Sr Verr. Class.
Troch. p. 58. Heliothrix auriculatus, Gould, Mon. Troch. iv. pi. 214 (Oct. 1853) ;
id. Intr. Troch. p. 121 ; Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 13 ; Bp. Rev. Zool.
1854, p. 251 ; Cab. S^- Heine, Mas. Hein. iii. p. 28 ; Reinh. Vidensk.
Medd. Nat. For. Ejob. 1870, p. 108 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 153 ;
Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouckes, ii. p. 240, iv. p. 208 ; id. Ann. Soc.
Linn. Lyov, xxii. p. 214 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 396 ; id. Syn.
Troch. p. 175. Heliothrix phainolfema, Gould, P.Z. S. 1855, p. 87 ; id. Mon. Troch.
iv. pi. 215 (Aug. 1859) ; id. Intr. Troch. p. 121 ; Cab. S,- Heine,
Mus. Hein. iii. p. 28. Heliothrix auritus, Burm. Syst. Ueh. ii. p. 336. Heliothrix phainoleiica, Hartl. in Wiegm. Arch.f. Naturq. xxii. (2)
p. 23 ; Mills. ^- Verr. Class. Troch. p. 58 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 153.
Adult male. Like that of H. auritus, but with the chin and upper portion of the throat glittering green like the head.
IT. jiliainolcema, Gould, has the throat covered with green rather lower down towards the chest than usual in typical //. auri- culatus. The character is a variable one, some specimens having a narrow white space extending nearly to the chin.
Hah. South-eastern Brazil.
|
a. (S ad. sk. |
Brazil (Rio |
make). |
Gould Coll. |
|
b-g. 6; h,i. $ |
S.E. Brazil. |
Salvin-Godman & |
|
|
ad. sk. |
Gould Colls. |
||
|
;. cJ ad. sk. |
" Napo." |
Gould Coll. (Type of II. phainol(ema, Gould.) |
|
|
k. c? juv. sk. |
[Brazil.] |
Gould Coll. |
3. Heliothrix barroti.
Trochilus barroti, Bonrc. Ann. Soc. dAgr. Lyon, vi. p. 48 ; id. Rev.
Zool. 1843, p. 72. Heliothrix barroti. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 115 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 153 ;
Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 69; id. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 251; Gould, Mon.
Troch. iv. pi. 217 (Oct. 1853) ; id. Intr. Trooh. p. 121 ; id. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 803; Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 13; Cab. Sf Heine, Mus.
Hein. iii. p. 28 ; Salr. Ibis, 1860, pp. 272, 400, 1872, p. 320; id.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 155, 1870, p. 209 ; Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 305 ;
Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 291, ix. p. 125; Heine, J.f. Orn.
1863, p. 182; Scl. S; Salv. P.Z.S. 1864, p. 365, 1879, p. 529;
Muls.Sf Verr. Class. Troch. p. 58; Elliot, Ibis, \S7Q,^.ZQ7 ; id.
Syn. Troch. p. 175; Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, ii. p. 242,
pi. 52, iv. p. 209; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Li/on, xxii. p. 214; Berl. ^•
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 567. Heliothrix purpureiceps, Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 87 ; id. Mon. Troch.
iv. pi. 216 (Aug. 18.59); Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 296; Cab. ^- Heine,
Mus. Hein. iii. p. 28. Heliothrix violifrons, Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 122.
Z. SCHISTES.
33
Similar to H. auritus, but with the crowu glittering blue, like the post-auricular patches, instead of glittering green.
Ilab. Central America, from British Honduras and Eastern Guatemala to Panama ; Xortheru Colombia, and Western Ecuador,
a, b. 5 ad. sk. c-(j. (S ad. sk. /(. S ad. sk. i. (S ad. sk.
,/. 6;h,L 2 ad.
sk. in. cJ; «. 2 ad.
sk. 0. cJ; p- $ad. sk. q. 2 ad. sk. 7--t. cJad. sk. u. cjad. sk. V. (5 ad. sk.
10. c?ad. sk. X. 2 ad. sk. y, z, a'. c?ad. sk. b' . cJad. sk.
c . 2 ad. sk.
d'. S ad. ; e' ,f'.
c?juv.; </'. 2
ad. sk. h'. (S juv. sk. i',j'. cJad. sk. k'-ni . cJad. ; n .
cJjuv.; o'. 2
ad. sk. p. 2 ad. sk.
Belize, Brit. Hondm'as (F. Blancaneaux).
.San Felipe, W. District, Brit. Honduras, Mar. {F. B.)
Cayo, VV. District, Brit. Hon- duras, Feb. {F £.).
Las Salinas, Vera Paz, Guate- mala (0. Salvin).
Choctum, Guatemala, Feb. 1861 (0. -S'. .f F. D. G.).
Chontales, Nicaragua (T, Belt).
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Aire). Costa Rica {Carmiol). Chiriqui (Arce). Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Boquete de Chitra, Panama
(ArcS). Calovevora, Panama {Arce). Santa Fe, Panama (Arce). Veragiia. Veragua ? ( JVarszewiez).
Colombia ?
Lion Hill, Panama (McLean- nan).
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). "Western Ecuador. Citado, Ecuador {Buckley).
Salvin-Godmau Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salviu-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll. Gould Coll. Salviu-Godman Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll. Salvin-Godmau Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll. Gould Coll. Gould Coll. (Type
of H. violifrons.) Crould Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll. Salvin-Godmau Coll. Gould Coll.
W. side of richincLa, Ecuador, Gould Coll. 6000 ft. {Jameson).
2. SCHISTES.
Tjqje. Schistes, Gould, Contr. Om. 1851, p. 140 S. albogularis.
ilr. Elliot gives S. fjcoffi-oyi as the type of this genus, but the name was first used by Gould, in 1851, when describing 8. albo- gularis,
Bange. Andes, from Colombia to Bolivia.
Key to the Species.
a. Whole crowu dark grass-green like the neck ;
lower back bronze ; pectoral band divided in
the middle yeoffroyi, p. 34.
b. Anterior part of the crown glittering green like
the throat ; back grass-green ; pectoral band
white, entire albogularis, p. 34.
VOL. xvr. D
S4 TRoCHIl.l.
1. ScMstes geoflfroyi.
Trocbilus <reo(yrovi, Bourc. &■ Muh. Ann. Sc. P/ii/s. et Nat. Lyon, vi.
p. 37, pf. 3 (1843) ; id. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 101. Polvtmus geoHi'ovi, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 108 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 127. ret'asophora ? geoffroyi/GowW, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 9. Colibri geoii'royi, Bp. Consp. Ac. i. p. GO. Schistes geotfrovi, Gould, Mon. TrocJi. iv. pi. 218 (Oct. 1853) ; id.
Intr. Troch. p. 122 ; Bp. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 251 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1860,
p. 70 ; id. Cat. Am. B. p. 305 ; Cah. 8f- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 27 ; .
Tacz.P. Z. S. 1874, p. 541 ; id. Orn. Per. i. p. 365 ; Muls. Hist. Nat.
Ois.-Mouclies, iii. p. 155 ; id. Ann. Soc. Litm. Li/on, xxii. p. 221 ;
miof, Si/n. Troek. p. 173; Berl. ^- Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 305,
1885, p. 104; Berl. J.f. Orn. 1887, p. 318. I'etasophora a. Schistes geoflroyi, Reich. Anfz. d. Col. p. 13. Petasophorus geofiroyi, 3Iuls. 4- Verr. Class. Troch. p. 48.
Adult male. Upper surface dark grass-green, the lower back and rump bronzy, a long postocular white stripe, under it a black patch, followed by a patch of dark violet-blue glittering feathers ; throat dull glittering green, becoming duller on the breast, on either side of which is a white patch ; rest of the under surface dull grass-green ; tail dark green, tipped narrowly with white, and the lateral rectrices crossed by a wide subterminal steel-blue band. Total length about 3-5 inches, wing 2'05, tail 1"3, bill 0"7.
Female ? Like the male, and also with glittering violet-blue feathers on the sides of the neck ; but the chin and throat, together with the middle of the breast and abdomen, dull green.
Buckley's Bolivian skins seem certainly referable to this species.
Hah. Colombia, Bolivia.
a, b. <S ad. ; c. c? Colombia (Bogota make). Salvin-Godman &
juv. ; fZ-/. $ Gould CoUs.
ad. sk.
[/. 2 ^^- sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll.
/(. d'ad. ; i. S Bolivia (^McWey). Gould Coll.
juv. sk.
j. (S ad. st. Purchased.
2. ScMstes albogularis.
Schistes albogularis, Gould, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 140 ; id. Mon. Troch.
iv. pi. 220 (Oct. 1853) ; id. Infr. Troch. p. 123; Scl. P. Z. S. 1860,
p. 70; Cab. 4'- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 27. I'etasophora c. Schistes albigularis, Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 13. Schistes albigularis, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 251. Schistes personatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 311 ; id. Mon. Troch. iv.
pi. 219; id. Intr. Troch. p. 122; Mids. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, iii.
p. 153 ; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 221 ; Elliot, Syn. Troch.
p. 173. Petasophorus personatus et albigularis, 3Iuls. ^- Verr. Class. Troch.
i. p. 49. Polytmus personatus et albogularis. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 127.
Adult male. Very similar to that of S. r/eojfroyi, but with the ante- rior part of the crown, from a line drawn between the eyes to the base
3. AtTGASTES. 35
of the bill, glittering green like the IhidcUe of the throat; the lateral cervical patches deeper violet-blue ; the white pectoral band extends across the chest ; the lower back and central rectrices are dark grass-green, with only a slight bronzy tint.
Female ? Whole crown dark grass-green like the back ; middle of the throat white, joining the white pectoral band ; violet lateral cervical patches like the male.
Specimens before me show a transition between white-tliroated iadividuals (*S'. alboi/ularis, Gould) and those with glittering green throats (S. 2JCi'sonatiis, Gould), the former being the young males or the females of the latter. The name S. albor/ularis has several years' priority over S. personatus.
Hah. Ecuador.
a. 2 ad. sk. West side of Pichiucha, alt. Gould Ooll. (Type of
GOOO ft., Ecuador {Jameson). S.aIltof/ulai-is,Gonld.)
b. (S ad. ; c. J Pallatanga, Ecuador {Fraser}. Gould Coll. ad. sk.
d. (S juv. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Goidd Coll.
e. cJ ad.; /. (S Baisa, Ecuador {Bucklei/). Salvin-Godmau Coll. juv. sk.
ff, h. J ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll. (Types
of S.personatits, Gould.) i,j. (S ad. ; /.-. Ecuador. Salvin-Godmau &
S juv.sk. • Gould Colls.
/. (S ad. sk. Ecuador {Buckley). Gould Coll.
3. AUGASTES.
Augastes, Gould, Mon. Troch. iv. sub pi. 221 (June Type.
1849) ; id. Intr. Troch. p. 123 A. superbus.
lihamphomiciou 6. Lamprurus, Reich. Aufz. d. Col.
p. 12 (March] 854).
llanfje. South-eastern Brazil.
Key to the Species.
a. Tail glittering green ; abdomen aud lateral
cervical patches dark blue superbus, p. 3o.
b. Tail glittering golden bronze ; abdomen golden
green ; no lateral cervical patches lumachellus, p. 36.
1. Augastes superbus.
Trochilus superbus, lleill. Euc. Mcth. p. .561 ; Less. Suppl. Ois.-
Mouches, p. 97 ; id. Ind. Gea. Troch. p. xlii. Trochilus scutatus, Katt. in Temm. PI. Col. 299. f. 3. Ornismva nattereri, Less, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, pp. xxxvii, 75,
pi. 16. Hylocharis superba, Graij, Gen. B. i. p. 114 ; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 151. Augastes scutatus, Gould, Mon. Troch. iv. pi. 221 (June 1849) ;
id. Litr. Troch. p. 123 ; 3fuh. ^- Vcrr. Class. Troch. p. 70. Augastes superbus, Bj}. Consp. Av. i. p. 84; id. Rev. Zool, 1854, p. 263 ;
Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 13 ; Cab. lV Heine, Mits. Hein. iii. p. 45 ;
Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 305 ; Heine, J. f. Orn. 1863, p. 196 ; Reink
D 2
"36 TKOCHILI.
Vide7tsh. Medd. Nat, For. Kjoh. 1870, p. Ill ; Pek. Orn. Bras. p. 33 ; Mills. Hist. Nat. O is. -M ouches, iii. p. 149 ; id. Ann. Soc. Liinn, Lyon, xxii. p. 221 ; Elliot, Syn. Troch, p. 171.
Adult male. Upper surface shiniDg grass-green ; forehead and throat glittering green edged with black ; lateral cervical patches and abdomen rich dark blue ; pectoral band creamy white, partlj' divided by the pointed green throat ; under tail-coverts whitish with greenish discs ; tail glittering green. Total length about 3"7 inches, wing 2'1, tail 1*3.
Female. Like the male, but with the forehead shining green like the back, and with the lateral rectrices tipped with white.
Young bird. Beneath fuscous, the white pectoral band showing first, then the glittering feathers of the under surface, and, lastly, in the male the glittering forehead.
Hab. South-eastern Brazil.
a-f. (S fid. ; ff,h. cJ Brazil. Salviu-Godman, Gould,
juv. ; i. 2 fid. sk. & Sclater Colls.
/. c? ad. sk. S. America. Purchased.
2. Augastes lumachellus. Ornismya lumacliellus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 315. Hylocharis lumacheUus, Gray, Gen. B, i. p. 114; id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 151.
Trochilus lumachellus, Bourc. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 313.
Augastes lumachellus, Gould, Mon, Troch. iv. pi. 222 (June 1849) ;
id. Litr. Troch. p. 123 ; Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 84 ; id. Rev. Zool. 1854,
p. 253 ; Cab. S,- Heine, Mus. Hcin. iii. p. 46 ; Scl. Cat. Am. B.
p. 305 ; Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, iii. p. 147, pi. 83 ; id. Ann.
Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 221 ; Elliot, Syn. Troch. p. 170. Rhamphomicroii fi. Lamprurus lumachellus, Reich. Anfz. d. Col.
p. 12; id. Troch. Enum. p. 10, pi. 823. fif. 4829-31. Heliotryplia lumachella, Muls. Sf Verr. Class. Troch. p. 69.
Adidt male. Shining grass-green : crown and sides of the throat black ; forehead and throat glittering golden green, the lower edge shaded with blue, followed by a central point of glittering fiery red ; pectoral band white ; abdomen shining, and under tail-coverts golden green ; tail rich golden bronze. Total length about 4'3 inches, wing S'i, tail 1"4, bill 0*85.
Female. Like the male on the under surface, but the bright colours duller ; the forehead and crown grass-green like the back.
Hab. South-eastern Brazil.
a-(/. (S ad. ; h. $ Brazil. Sahin-Godmau, Gould,
ad. sk. & Sclater Oolls.
j'-A;. cJ ad. ; Z. cJjuv. ; [Brazil.] Gould Coll.
m. 5 ad. sk.
n. cJ ad.; a. cS juv. st. Purchased.
4. RHAMPHODON.
Type.
Rhamphodon, Less. Hist. Nat. Col. p. IS (1831) It. nsevius.
Grypus, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 24 (nee Germ.) R. usevius.
Haneje. South-eastern Brazil.
37
1. Rhainpliodon naevius.
Trocliilus ufevius, Dianont, Did. 8c. Nat. xxvii. p. 432 ; Temm, PI,
Col. 120. f. 3. Grypus riilicollis, Spix, Av, Bras. i. p. 79, pi. 80. f. 3. Rbamphodou maculatum, Less. Hist. Xat. Col. p. 18, pi. 1, Giypus iifevius, Gould, Man. Troch. i. pi. 1 (Maj- 1852) ; id. Intr,
Troch. p. 35; Bunn.Syst. Ueh.u. p. 320; Pelz' Oni. Bras. -p. 27;
Muls. 4' Verr. Class. Troch, p. 13 ; Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches,
i. p. 33 ; id. A7171. Sac. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 199 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 123 ; Eudes-lJesl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 75. Eliamphodou ntevius, Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 15 ; Cab. S^- Heine,
Mus. Hein. iii. p. 3 ; Berl. J. f. Orn. 1873, p. 273 ; Elliot, Syn,
Troch. p. 4.
Adult male. Upper surface dark golden green, each feather fringed with fulvous and with a subapical band of dark brown, which becomes wider on the crown, rendering it much darker than the back ; eyebrow and a patch on either side of the throat fulvous, a postocular spot purple-black ; middle of the throat black, each feather with a buff margin ; chest and abdomen black, each feather with a whitish lateral margin, becoming broader and more buff on the belly ; under tail-coverts buff, with a black discal patch ; tail greenish purple-brown, the three lateral feathers on either side with a broad graduated fulvous end, on the outermost rectrix occu- pying the distal half ; maxilla blackish, basal two-thirds of the mandible yellow. Total length 6 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2'15, bill 1-6.
Female. Similar to the male, the maxilla less hooked at the tip and with the serrations not so distinct, the dark patch on the throat less defined.
The dark patch on the throat varies in different individuals, in some becoming obsolete towards the chest.
Hah. South-eastern Brazil.
a-c. (5 ad. ; d-h. Brazil (Rio make). Salvin-Godmau &
5 ad. sk. Gould Colls.
i. $ ad. sk. Registro do Sal, Brazil {Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll.
terer).
j. 2 ad. sk. Rio Claro, Brazil (Joyner). Salviu-Godinau Coll.
k. 2 ad. sk. Santa Fe, Minas Geraes Salvin-Godman Coll.
{Boi/ers).
I. 2 a<l- St. Purchased.
5. ANDRODON.
Type.
Androdou, Gould, Ann, ^- May. N. H. 18G3, xii.
p. 247 A. ffiquatorialis.
Range. Coloml)ia and Ecuador.
38
1. Androdon ssquatorialis.
Androdon a?quatorialis, Goidd, Ann. Sf May. N. H. 1863, xii. p. 247 :
id. Mun. TrocJi. Svppl. pi. i. (Jan. 1881) ; Elliot, Si/n. Troch. p. 4;
Scl. ^- Salv. P. Z. A'. 1879, p. 528 : EmUs-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i.
p. 79. Poljtmns jequatorialis, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 124. Grypus sequatorialis, Mids. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Moucfies, i. p. 32, pi. 1 ;
id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 199.
Adult male. Upper surface shining bronzy green ; nape dark blue, crown dark greenish bronze ; a white band across the rump, above and below which are some dark blue feathers : wings purjjle- black, the inner secondaries grey ; under surface and sides of the neck dull greyish white, each feather with a dark lateral margin ; central rectrices greenish grey tipped with dark green, remainder grey, with a broad subapical band of dark green, the tips .white. Total length about 5"3 inches, wing 2'(), tail I'G, bill 1"7.
Female. Like the male, but without the blue nuchal patch ; the maxilla is less hooked, and both maxilla and mandible less strongly serrated.
Hah. Colombia and Ecuador.
a. tS ad. ; I. 5 Ecuador. Gould Coll.
ad. sk. (Types of the species.)
c. 5 ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll.
d. 5 ad. sk". Intac, Ecuador {BucJdey). Salviu-Godman Coll. i\ 5 ad. sk. Remedios, Colombia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
6. HEMISTEPHANIA.
Type.
Doryfera, Gould, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 95 {necIUir/er) II. ludoviciie.
Dorifera, Bj). Comp. Av. i. p. 68.
Duryphora, Cab. i^- Heine, Mus. iZe/w.iii.p. 77.
Ilellauthea a. Hemistephania, lieic/i. Avfz. d. Col.
p. 9 . . : H. ludovicia\
Hemistephania, Elliot, Syn. Troch. p. 81.
Haneje. Tropical America, from Costa Eica to Bolivia, Venezuela, Guiana, and the Valley of the Upper Amazons.
Key to the /S^iecies.
a. Forehead glittering bluish green or olive-green. «'. Forehead glittering olive-green ; under sur- face greyish greeu.
a". Smaller ludomcics, p. 39.
b" . Larger rectirostris, p. 39.
b'. Forehead glittering bluish green ; under sur- face blackish green verayxiensis, j). 40.
b. Forehead glittering violet-blue Johanna, p. 40,
6. HEMISTEPHANrA. 39
1. Hemistephania ludoviciae.
X. p. 136 (1840 ; Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 140. Donfera ludoviciae, Bp. Comp. i. p. GS ; id. Bev. Zool. 1854, p. 'X51 •
6o»W, .Vo«. r;-or/^ ii. pi. 88 (Oct. 1853) ; id. Intr. Troch. p"n :
Muls. mst. ^at. 0,s-Mouches, i. p. 200, iii. p. 17; id. Ann. Sov.
Lmn. Lyon, xxn. p. 217. Helianthea a Hemistepliania liidovicise, Bekh. Aufz. Col v i) ■
id. TrocJi. Emvm. p. 6, pi. 731. ff. 4673-74 '
""SlTztli^; pl3/ '^'"' ^" ^^- "^- ^- "^ *'■ ^•
^°KerV"?'''"''^''*''^''^-^'"-^'P--^^ ^^^«^«- ^S- Ven: Class.
Hemi^^ephania l^doviciffi^^/^^^ Syn. Track, p. 81; Scl. .$• Sah:^
^■322 ' ^^' ' ' "'^- '^- •^- O'"' I'^H p. 310, 1887,
_ Adiut male. Upper surface shining green : nape and hind neck rich bronze; upper tail-coverts tinged with greyish blue; forehead as far as a hne between the eyes, glittering olive-green; under surlace dusky grey tinged with bronze-green ; tail i)urple-black
atei-al rectrices broadly tipped with duskv : biU black. Total length about 4-S inches, wing 2-4, tail 1-4 bill 1-5
forSra?" *^™'^'''' ^° ^^"^ °'''^''' ^""^ l'""^^'^!" "^'^^""^ ^ glittering
Yowuj birds are without the glittering forehead.
Bolivian and Venezuelan specimens agree with Colombian in dimensions, and are therefore placed under this species.
Hah. Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia.
a. 6 ad. sk. Sierra Nevada Merida, Vene- Salvin-Godman Coll
zuela (Goering).
b. d ad. sk. Santa Elena, Colombia {Sal- Salvm-Godman Coll.
mon).
c-h d- ad ; (•-/. Colomba (Bogota make). Salvin-Godman &
,. ^^ i i" rr. ., C4ould Colls.
/ fn 1 1 S\''-^'J''V^°^^"> (Bi,.okky). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n-q. d ad. sk. Bohvia (Buckley). Gould Coll.
2. Hemistephania rectirostris.
Doryfera rectirostris, Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 71 ; id. Mon. Troch Suppl (Jan. 1883) ; Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, i. p. •>02, iii p. 1/ ; id. Ann. Sac. Linn. L y 071, xxil p. 217; Tacz. Orn. Per i p. 284. ■ ■
Dorifera ludoviciae, -SW. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 95.
Trochilus rectirostris, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p'l40
Hemistephania rectirosti-is, Elliot, Syn. Troch. p. 81 : Tacx. ^- Berl. 1^, //* o. l^oOj p. 102,
Doryphora rectirostris, Tacx. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 35.
_ Precisely like //. htdovicia; so far as the colour of the pluma'-e
n Tu'',T.^' ^^ "^'^^ ^ ^'^^ <^f considerably larger dimensions (length 1-8 inches).
Bab. Ecuador.
40 TROfFILT.
a. (S ad. slv. Baisa, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h,c.(S ad.sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Zj'«eA7e^y). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. S ad. ; e. c? Ecuador {Bucldry). Salviu-Godman &
ad. sk. Gould Colls.
f-h. S ad. : /. Ecuador. Gould Coll.
$ ad. sk, (Types of the species.)
3. Hemistephania veragniensis.
Dorifera veraguensi.-*, <S'rt/r. 1'. Z. 8. 1807, p. lo4.
Doryfera ludovicite ?, Laivr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 121.
Dorij^era veraguensis, Mids. Hist. Nat. Oi's.-MoucJies, i. p. 109, iii.
p. 17; id. Ann. 8vc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 217; Gould, Mon. Track.
>Suppl. pi. 22 (Jau. 1883j. Hemistephania veraguensis, Elliot, Syn. Troch. p. 82.
Similar to B. ludovicice, but the plumage generally cousidcrably darker, the throat being nearly black. The forehead, too, is of a slightly bluer shade ; the wings shorter (2-3 inches).
Bab. Costa Rica and State of Panama.
a. J ad. ; b, 5 Irazu, Costa Rica {Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll. ad. sk.
c. cJ ad. sk. Costa Rica {Endres). Gould Coll.
d, e. $ ad. sk. Chiriqui, Panama {Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. /. (S ad. .sk. Cordillera de Tole, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Arce). (Type of the species.)
y. c? ad. .sk. State of Panama M/Tp). Gould Coll.
4. Hemistephania johannse.
Trochilus johann?e, Bmirc. P. Z. S. 1847, p. 45; id. Eei: Zool. 1847,
p. 257 : Oray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 140. Trochilus (Doryfera) violifrons, Gould, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 95. Dorifera johannpe, Bp. Consp. i. p. 68; id. Eev. Zool. 1854, p. 251. Dorvfera johannffi, Gotdd, Mon. Troch. ii. pi. 87 (Oct. 1853) ; id. Intr.
Troch. y. 71; Mids. Sf Verr. Class. Troch. ^. 27; M ids. Bis f.
Nat. Ois.-Monchcs, i. p. 196, iii. p. 17, iv. p. 215 ; id. Ann. 8oc. Linn.
Lyon, xxii. p. 217 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. i. p. 285. Helianthea a. Hemistephania iohannje, Reich. Aufz. Col. p. 9; id.
Troch. Enum. p. 6, pi. 781. ff. 4675-76. Doryphora johanuie, Cah. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 78; Scl. Cut.
Ain. B. p. 292 ; Scl. 8; Scdr. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 753, 1873, p. 287 ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 34. Dorifera euphrosinae, Muls. S,- Verr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xviii.
p. 319 ; Gould, Mon. Troch. Suppl. (Jan. 1883). Dorvfera euphrosiufe, Mids. 4' Verr. Class. Troch. p. 27 ; Muls.
Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, i. p. 198, pi. 17, iii. p. 17 ; id. Ann. Soc.
Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 217. Trochilus euphrosine. Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 140. Hemistephania johannae, Elliot, St/n. Troch. ix 80; Sah\ S,- Godm.
Ibis, 1882, p. 80 ; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 433 ; Berl. J. f. Orn. 1887,
p. 322. Hemistephania euphrosiufe, Elliot, Syn. Troch. p. 81. Dorvphera euphrosiuee, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 35.
7. GLAITCIS. 41
Adult male. Upper surface shining bronze-green, darker on the back of the neck and upper back, and almost black on the nape and posterior part of the crown ; ujiper tail-coverts greyish blue ; forehead, as far as a line between the eyes, glittering dark violet- blue ; under surface black ; flanks tinged with green ; under tail- coverts dark steel-blue ; tail dark steel-l)lue ; lateral rectriccs tipped with bronze ; bill black. Total length about 4 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1-2, bill 1-3.
Female. Paler and greener on the upper surface : the forehead glittering bluish green ; under surface grey ; abdomen and flanks washed with green ; lateral rectrices more broadly tipped with bronze.
Younri birds of both sexes are destitute of the glittering fore- head. In other respect^ they resemble the female.
H. euphrosince has frequently been considered a distinct species, but I have no doubt that it was based upon the adult female of H. johannce.
Hah. Colombia, Ecuador, Upper Amazons Valley, and British Guiana.
a-e. c? ad. ; /-/. Colombia (Bosrota make). Salvin-Godman &
2 ad. sk. " Gould Colls.
k~m. (S ad. ; n. Rotuno, Ecuador {Buckley). Gould Coll.
$ ad. sk.
o. (S ad. ; p. 5 Upper Amazons (E. Bcirtlett). Gould Coll.
ad.sk.
q-t. S ad. ; u-w. Merume Mts., Brit. Guiana, Salvin-Godman &
$ ad. sk. July & Sept. {H. Wlntehj). Sclater Colls.
7. GLATJCIS.
lype. Glaucis, Boie, Isis, 1831, p. ;j4.j G. hir.«uta.
Range. Tropical America, from Costa Eica to Ecuador, the Amazons Valley, and South-eastern Brazil, Venezuela, Guiana, Trinidad, Tobago, and Grenada.
Key to the Species.
a. Tail chestnut, with a subterminal black bar and
white tip hirsutus, p. 41.
h. Tail reddish bronze tipped with white dohnii, p. 4o.
1. Glaucis Mrsuta,
Polvtmus brasiliensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 670.
Trochilus hirsutus, Gm. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 490 ; Vieil/. K Diet. d'Hisf.
N. vii. p. 3.52; Temm. PI. Col. 120. f. 2. Trochilus brasiliensis, Lat/i. Ind. Orn. p. .308 : Wied, Beitr. iv.
p. Ill : Cah. in Schoml. Guiana, iii. p. 708.
42 TROCHILT.
Le Briu blanc femelle, Aud. Sr Vieill. Ois. Dor. i. p. 40, pi. 20. Le Colibri a pieds vetus, Aud. Sf Vieill. Ois. Dor. i. pis. 22, 2.3. Trocliiliis feirugiDeus, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 120. Trochilus dominiciis, Licht. Verz. Donbl. p. 10 (nee Linn.) ; C(d). in
Scliomh. Guitnut, iii. p. 708. Trocliilus siiperciliosns, Less. Hist. Nat. Col. p. oS, pi. 7 ( 5 ) (nee
Linn.). Trocliilus mazeppa, Less. Hist. Nat. Troch. p. 18, pi. .3 ; Jard. Ann.
^' Mafl. N. H. XX. -p. 372. Glaucis ' hirsuta, Loie, Lsis, 1831, p. 54 o : Biirm. S'l/st. Ueh. ii.
p. 321 ; Goxdd, Man. Troch. i. pi. o (May 1858) ; id. Intr. Troch.
p. .38 : Cab. Sf Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 4"; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y.
vii. p. 319; id. Pr. IT. S. Nat. Mus. i. p. 271 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 27 ; Salr. S,- Elliot, Ibis, 1873, p. 276 ; >Scl. ^ Sah. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 538; Elliot, Syn. Troch. p. 6; Mids. Hist. Nat. Ois.-
Mouches, i. p. 39; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 199; Eudes-
Desl. Ann. Mm. Caen, i. p. 79 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. i. p. 261 ; Salv.
Ibis, 1885,11.431; Berl. J. f. Or«. 1887, p. 314; Cory, B. West
Ind. p. 142 ; Allefi, Bvll. Am. Mm. N. H. ii. p. 257. Pliaethornis hirsutus, Jard. ^- Selb. III. Orn. iii. pi. 143. Glaucis affinis. Later. Ann. Lye. N. T. vi. p. 261 ; Goidd, Mon.
Troch. i. pi. 7 (Sept. 1861) ; id. Intr. Troch. p. 34 ; Scl. ^ Salv.
P. Z. S. 1864, p. 303 ; Eudes-Ded. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 84. Glaucis melanura, Gould, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 364 ; id. Mon. Troch. i. pi. 9
(July 1861) ; id. Intr. Troch. p. 39 ; Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen,
i. p. 86. Glaucis lanceolata, Gould, 3Ion. Troch. i. pi. 8 (Sept. 1861) ; id. Intr.
Troch. p. 39 ; Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 85. Glaucis mazeppa, Goxdd, Mon. Troch. i. pi. 0 (Sept. 1861) ; id. Intr.
Troch. p. .38 ; Eudes-Desl. Ami. Mus. Caen, i. p. 83. Polytmus hirsutus, Leot. Ois. Triti. p. 139 (1866). Glaucis teueus, Lawr. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1867, p. 232 ; id. Ann. Lye.
N. Y. ix. p. 121 ; Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 85. Polytmus hirsutus, mazeppa, affinis, lanceolatus, melauuru, peueus,
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 126.
Adult male. Upper surface shining green, considerably darker on the crown ; upper tail-coverts edged with dirty white ; under surface rufous-brown, darker on the throat, sides of the neck, and flanks ; central rectrices shining green, remainder chestnut, tipped with white and with a wide subterminal black band ; the edge of the outer web of the outermost rectrix also black ; maxilla black ; mandible flesh-colour, the tip black. Total length about 5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 1'5, bill 1-35.
Female. Like the male, rather smaller : the bill slightly more curved; the under surface paler, more rufous, and with a maxillary stripe of pale rufous.
Great variation exists in the colour of the plumage of this species, chiefly affecting the width of the subterminal black band of the lateral rectrices, this band being very wide in young birds, nearly evanescent in old ones ; moreover, the tips of the rectrices are much more pointed in young than in old birds.
Hah. Costa Eica and Panama, southwards to South-eastern Brazil, Grenada, Trinidad, and Guiana.
7. GLAUCIS. 43
a. Ad. sk. Costa Eica (JEndres). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Compared with type of G. ceneus, Lawr.)
h. (^ ad. sk. Lion Hill, Panama llailway Salvin-Godman Coll.
(O. Salvin).
c. d; (I $ ; e,f. Lion Hill, Panama Railway Salvin-Godman Coll.
Juv. sk. {M^Leannan).
(J. Juv. sk. Panama. Gould Coll.
h. 2 ad. sk. Panama Railway (Aire). Gould Coll.
?'. J ad. sk. Santa Elena, Colombia (T. A'. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sahnon).
j-m. J ad. sk. Colombia (Bogota make). Gould Coll.
n. Juv. sk. Medina, Colombia. Gould Coll.
o. (S (0 ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (.1. Goer- Salvin-Godman Coll.
;>. J<id.;(/. 5 Roraima, Guiana (//. 7r7/(Yf///). Salviu-Godman Coll.
ad. sk.
r. S ad. ; s. Cayenne make. Gould Coll.
Juv. sk.
t~v. S ad.; tc, x. Trinidad. Gould Coll.
2 ad. ; y. Juv.
sk.
s. Juv. sk. Trinidad (Co/. J. Trty/or). Gould Coll.
a'. $ ad. sk. Tobago I. ' Gould Coll.
I)', c\ 2 ad. sk. Grenada I., March {F. A. Salvin-Godman &
Oher). Sclater Colls.
fZ',p',/". ? ad. Para. Gould Coll.
sk. (Types of G. lanceolata, Gould.)
(/'. Ad. sk. Para, Sept. {E. L. Layurd). Tweeddale Coll.
h'. S juv. sk. Barra do Rio Negro {Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll.
terer).
i'. Juv. sk. Rio Javari, Amazons {Bates). Gould Coll.
,/'. 6 ad. sk. Iquitos, Amazons {H. Gould Coll.
WMtely).
li'-m'. S ad. ; n'- Peba?, Amazons (/. Ilmi.v- Gould & Salvin-
;/. ? ad. sk. well). (Rodman Colls.
</', r'. d' ad. ; s , t' . Peruvian Amazons (Uartlett). Gould Coll.
2 ad. sk.
«'. Juv. sk. . Upper Ucayali, Peruvian Gould Coll.
Amazons (BaHlett).
v'. 5 ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Peru, Mav 21, E. Bartlett \C.\
18G8. ■ ^ ^
w'. Juv. sk. R. Napo, Ecuador. Gould Coll.
(Type of G. melanura, Gould.)
.r', y'. Ad. sk. Baliia ( Wnc/ierer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
z',a. 2 ad. sk. Bahia. Gould Coll.
/3. c? ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Gould Coll.
y. (S ad. ; S, e. Rio, Brazil {Yotids). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2 ad. sk.
C d ad. sk. Eng. do Gama, Brazil, Seijt. Salvin-Godman Coll, 23, 1826 (Natterer).
2. Glaucis dohrni.
Trochilus dohrni, Bourc. Ann. Sc. Bhys. et Nat. Lyon, (2) vi. p. 139
(1852). J '\ J V
Rhamphodou chrysurus, Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 15 {apud Mulsant). Glaucis dolirni, Goidd, Mon. Track i. pi. 10 (May 18-55) ; id. Intr.
44 TROCH'LT.
Trooh. p. 39 ; Salv. S,- Elliot, Ibis, 1873, p. 276 ; Muls. Hist. Nat.
Ois.-Mouches, i. p. 44 ; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 200 ;
Elliot, Syn. Trocli. p. 7 ; Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 88. Giypus spixi, Gmdd, P. Z. S. 18G0, p. 304 ; id. Mon. Trocli. i. pi. 2
(July 1861) ; id. Inti: Trovh. p. 35 ; Mids. Sf Terr. Class. Troclt.
p. 13 ; Gray,IIand.l. B. i. p. 123 ; Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches,
i. p. 36 ; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 199. Polytmus dolinii, Gray, Hand-1. B. i. p. 126.
Adult male. Tpper surface shining bronze-green, darker and more blue on the head ; upper tail-coverts edged with fulvous ; wings purple-black, the outer web of the outermost feather edged with dirty white : eyebrow white ; under surface cinnamon, darker on the throat ; the under tail-coverts with darker centres ; tail bronze- green, each feather tipped with white ; bill black, more than the proximal half of the mandible whitish ; feet yellow ; claws brown. Total length about 4-5 inches, wing 2'7, tail 1"7, bill 1'35.
Female. Similar to the male, but the under surface nearly uniform cinnamon ; bill slightly more curved and the serrations obsolete.
Bourcier's name was based upon a female example said to have come from Ecuador ; but it is now practically certain that the species inhabits a limited district in Brazil. Gould's title, Gri/pus spixi, was given to a male. According to Mulsant, lleich en bach's name, Ehamphoclon clirijsimis, also belongs here, but the statement of the Mexican origin of the specimen is doubtless wrong.
Hah. Brazil.
|
2 ad. sk. |
"Ecuador," ex Bourcier. |
Gould Coll. _ (Type of the species.) |
|
|
cJ ad. sk. |
[Brazil.] |
Gould Coll. (Type of G. spi.vi, Gould.) |
|
|
S ad. sk. |
Brazil (Eio make). |
Salviu-Godman Coll. |
|
|
5 ad. sk. |
Espirito Santo, Brazil Gaud). |
{de |
Gould Coll. |
8. CHLOROSTILBON. ^^
Type.
Chlorostilbou, Gotdd, Mon. Troch. v. sub pi. 355 (May 1853) C. pucherani.
Chlorestes, Eeich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 10 (1854).
Chlorolampis, Cab. £,- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 47
(1860) C. angustipeunis.
Prasitis, Cab. Sf Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 49 C. iirasinus.
Ohloauges, Heine, J.f. Orn. 1863, p. 200 C. auriceps.
Chlorostilbon (Marion), Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.- Mouches, ii. p. 92 (1875) C. haeberlini.
Chrysomirus, Muls. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii.
p. 2 (1875) C. angustipeunis.
Eanr/e. Tropical America generally from Mexico to the Argentine Republic.
8. CHLOEOSTILBON. 45
Key to the Sjjecies,
a. Bill black at the tip, botli maxilla and inau- dible flesb-colour at the base. a'. Central rectrices steel-blue, more or less tipped ■v\-ith grej. a". Tail very deeply forked.
a". Lateral rectrices narrow auriaeps, p. 45.
V". Lateral rectrices wider forficatm, p. 46.
h". Tail less deeply forked caniveti, p. 46.
b'. Central rectrices uniform steel-blue. c". Larger ; abdomen usually more golden, sjileiididus, p. 49. d". Smaller ; abdomen usually greener . . puc/ierani, p. .50.
d. Bill black, basal half of the mandible flesh-
colour.
c'. Under surface glittering golden green, not tinged with blue ; crown mode- rately brij^ht ; tail moderately forked. . aiujustipennis, p. 52.
d'. Under surface glitteriug green, tinged with blue in certain lights ; tail more deeply forked haeberlini, p. 53.
e. Bill wholly or nearly black.
e'. Tail forked, lateral rectrices rather narrow.
e". Cro-nu moderately bright melanorhynchus, p. 5.3.
/'. Crown very bright immilus, p. 54.
g". Crown dull like the back assimilis, p. 54.
/'. Tail shorter, less forked ; lateral rectrices
'n'ider atala, p. 55.
(J . Tail rounded or very slightly forked. /(". Tail very slightly forked or rounded,
steel-blue prasmus, p. -56.
i". Tail rounded, purple-black peruanus, p. 57.
1. Clilorostilbon auriceps.
Trochilus auriceps, Gould, Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 1.37.
1889, p. 366.
Chlorolampis auriceps, Cab. iy Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 48 ; Goidd, Intr. Troch. p. 174 ; Heine, J. f. Orn. 1863, p. 200 ; 3fuls. Hist. Xcd. Oi^.-Mouches, ii. p. 79, iv. p. 198 ; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 209 ; Eiides-I)esl. Ann, Mus. Caen, i. p. 511.
Adult male. Upper surface shining golden green, crown glitteriuo- golden green ; entire under surface glitteriug green with a golden tinge ; tail very long, steel-blue, all the rectrices except the outer- most one on either side more or less tipped with grey ; bill black at the tip, the mandible at the base aud the maxilla for most of its length tiesh-colour. Total length about 3-6 inches, wing 1-7, lateral rectrices 1*6, central 0*6, bill 0-6.
Adalt female. Upper surface shining grass-green, a postoculai'
46 TROCHILI.
spot aud the whole under surface greyiah white ; ear-coverts dusky ; flanks washed with green ; central rectriccs green ; lateral with the tip, the outer web for most of its length, and a bar beyond the middle greyish white ; a subterminal bar aud the inner web towards the base purple-black.
Hah. Mexico, in the mountains of the AVestern States of Jalisco, Colima, and Guerrero.
a-d. (S "id. ; e. Mexico (F/oresi). Goidd C(dl.
2 ad. sk. (Tygei of the species.)
/. c? ad. ; I/. 9 Mexico (F/orcsi). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ud. sk. (Typical specimens.)
h. <S ad.; ;'. c? Santiago, Terr, of Tepic, Salviu-Godman Coll.
juv. ;/,/.•. $ Mexico, May (TV. B. Eich-
ad. sk. arcJson).
l-n. 5 ad. sk. Tepic, Mexico, May ( W. B. Salvin-Godman Cull.
Richardson), o. cS ad. sk. San Bias, Tepic, Mexico, May Salvin-Godman Coll.
( W. B. Richardson). p,q. (5 ad. sk. Touila, Jalisco, Mexico, June Salvin-Godman Coll.
(TV. Lloyd). r. (S ad. sk. Ohilpaucingo, Guerrero, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Mexico, Aug. (Mrs. H. H. Smith), s. 5 ad. sk. Acaguizotla, Guerrero, Oct. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Mrs. H. H. Smith).
2. Chlorostilbon forficatus.
Chlorostilbon forficatus, Ridffw. Pr. U. S. Xat. Mus. viii. p. 574 ;
Salv. Ibis, 1889, p. 360. Chlorostilbon caniveti. Sale. Ibis, 1880, p. 191 (nee Less.).
Adult male. Very similar to that of C. auriceps, but ratlicr larger and with a longer bill ; crown less bright, and lateral rectrices wider. Total length about 3*8 inches, wing 1'95, lateral rectrices l"7o, central 0-65, bill 0-7.
Adult female. Like that of 0. auriceps, bat larger, less deeply forked tail, and A\ader rectrices.
Hah. Islands off the coast of Yucatan, Cozumel, &c.
a. S ad. sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan, Dec. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(G. F. Gaumer). b-f. S ad.; (j-j. Cozumel I., April (G. F. Salvin-Godman Coll.
$ ad. sk. Gaumer).
k. S ad. sk. Cozumel I. (E. C. J. Bevis). Salvin-Godman Coll.
3. Chlorostilbon caniveti.
Ornismya caniveti, Less. Suppl. Ois.-Mouehes, p. 174, pis. 37, 38. Trocliilus caniveti. Less. Ind. Gen. Troch. p. xxii. Hylocharis caniveti, Gray, Gen. B.\. p. 114. Thaumatias caniveti, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 78.
Chlorestes S. Eicordia caniveti, Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 8 ; id. Troch. Emim. p. 4, pi. 703. 11'. 4581-3.
8. CHXOROSTILBOX. 47
Sporadinus caniveti, Bj}. Bev. Zool. I80-I, p. 225 : Vcl. P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 367. Chlorolampis cauiveti, Cab. S,- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 47; Gould,
Intr. Troch. p. 174 ; Heine, J. f. Orn. I860, p. 200 ; Boucard,
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 71 ; Miik. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, ii. p. 81,
iv. p. 198; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xy.u. p. 209; Eudes-Desl,
Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 513. Chlorolampis salrini, Cab. Sj- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 48; Cab.
J.f. Orn. 18G3, p. 164; Goidd, Intr. Tvoch. p. 174; Heine, J. f.
Orn. 18G3, p. 200 ; Lawr. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 128. ChlorostUbouosberti, Gould, P. Z. S. 1860, p. .309 ; id. Mon. Troch. v.
pi. 354 (July 1861J ; Sah\ Ibis, 1860, pp. 195, 263, 271, 1860,
p. 204 ; Scl. * Cat. Am. B. p. 318 ; Eudes-Desl. Ann. 3Ius. Caen,
i. p. 515 ; Nutting, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. vi. pp. 375, 394. Chlorostilbou cauiveti, Gould, 3Ion. Troch. t. pi. 351 (May 1860) ;
Scl. i)- Sah: Bjis, 1859, p. 130 ; Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 318 ; Lawr.
Bull. U.S. Nat. 3fus. no. 4, p. 33; Elliut, Syn. Troch. p. 168 ;
Salv. Cat. StricJcl. Coll. p. 370 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 451. Chlorolampis osberti, Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 174 ; Heine, J. f. Orn.
1863, p. 200. Chlorostilbou salvini, Frantz. J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 317 ; Berl. Pr.
U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. p. 564. Chlorostilbou osberti salvini, Nuttinq, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. v.
p. 501.
Adult male. Eutire upper surface shiniug golden-greeu, glittering ou the crown ; under siu'face glittering green ; tail steel-blue, central rectrices more or less tipped with grey ; bill black at the tip, the base of the maxilla and mandible for most of its length tlesh-colour. Total length about 3'6 inches, wing 1*9, lateral rectrices 1"5, central 0-75, biU 0'75.
Adult female. Like that of C. auriceps, but larger, with much less deeply forked tail.
Eastern Mexican specimens, the true C. cmivdi, have, as a rule, a more deeply forked tail than those from Guatemala (C. osberti), but I doubt the possibility of separating these two forms in every case. In the Guatemalan bird the central rectrices have the tip rather less grey, but this is eminently a variable character. Gould's type of 0. osbcrii has hardly any of this colour on these feathers, but in others from the same locality it is very plainly shown. The green tips sometimes seen to these feathers I believe to be due to immaturity, or perhaps only observable in perfectly freshly moulted featliers. One Duenas specimen before me has the left central rectrix tipped with green ou the outer web, whilst the right-hand one is plain.
Costa-Rican specimens (C. salvini) have a still less deeply forked tail, but the male specimens before me have the grey tips to the median rectrices, moreover the base of the maxUla is less red. I do not, however, think that this bird can be definitely separated from the more northern forms.
Hah. Eastern Mexico, southwards through Central America to Costa Rica.
48
a. 2 ad. sk.
b. (S ad. sk.
c. cJ ad. sk.
d. ('. S ad. sk.
f-i. 6 ad. ; j. $ ad. sk.
A-. $ ad. sk.
/. S ad. sk.
wj. 5 ad. Ai.
ii-p. (S ad. sk. q. (S ad. sk. r. S ad. ; s. $
ad. sk. if. S ad.sk.
w. c? ad. sk. V. S ad. sk.
w-z. cJ ad. sk.
«'. c? ad. ; 6'.
$ ad.sk. e'. (S ad. sk.
d'-f. c? ad. sk.
^'-«i'. c? ad. sk.
«'. c? ad. sk. o',p'. (^ ad. et
(S juv. sk. 5''-s'. c? 2 ad. sk.
t'-y'.cS ad.; ~',a.
c? juv.; /3-e.
2 ad. sk. t. J ad. sk.
t]. (5 ad. sk.
6, 1. (S ad. et cJ
juv. sk. K. c? ad. sk.
X, ^. S ad. ; K. 2 ad. ; f o j uv. sk.
Tampico, Mexico, March
( W. B. Richardson). Misantla, IMexico, March
{F. D. Godnian). Hac. de los Atlixcos, Vera
Cruz, Mexico, March {F. D.
Godmaii). Vera Cruz, Feb. {F. D. God-
man). Cordova, Vera Crui' (Salle).
Atoyac, Vera Cruz, May
(Mrs. H. 11. S)mf7i). Coatepec, Vera Cruz, Oct.
(31. Tnijillo). Jalapa, Vera Cruz, May (M.
Trujdlo). Jalapa (de Oca). •Talapa (de Oca). Plava \'iceute. Vera Cruz,
I)ec. (M. Tnijillo). Chimalapa, Tehuautepec, Feb.
( W. B. Itichardson), N. Yucatan (G. F. Gatwier). Tabi, Yucatan, Feb. (F. D.
Godma/i). Ilolbox I., Coast of Yucatan
(G. F. Ganmer). Orange Walk, Brit. Honduras
( Gaumer). Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan-
caneaux). Ruatan I., Bay of Honduras
(G. F. Gaumer). Bonacca I., Bay of IlondiU'as
(G. F. Gaumer). Guatemala (Delattre). G uatemala (Skinner) .
Uueuas, Guatemala, Feb, (0.
Salviii). Dueiias, Guatemala, July, Sept.,
Oct., Nov. (0. S. l5- F. D. G.)
Volcau de Fuego, Guatemala,
Sept. (0. -S'.). Coban, Guatemala, Nov.
{O.S.). San Geronimo, Guatemala
Nov. (O. S.). Lanquin, Guatemala, March
(O.S.). Nicaragua ? (Delattre).
Salvin-Godman Coll. Salviu-Godman Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman, Gould, & Sclater Colls.
Salviu-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould CoU. Salviu-Godman Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salviu-Godmau Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll. Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
(Types of C. osherti.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salviu-Godman Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll. Gould Coll.
8. CHLOROSTILBON. 49
o. c? ad. ; w. S Tuciimqui, Costa Rica (Arce). Salvin-Godmau Coll.
juv. sk. p, a. S ad. ; t,v, Costa Rica {Endres). Goidd Coll.
2 ad. sk. \|/'. (S ad. skeleton. Costa Rica. Gould Coll.
4. Chlorostilbon splendidus.
Pica tlores mas bello, Azara, Apimt. ii. p. 487, no. 293.
Trochilus splendidus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. K vii. p. 361 ; td. Enc.
Mm. p. 563. Pica flores cienicente obscure debaxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 489,
no. 294. Trochilus cinereus, Vieill. N. Diet. d^Hist. N. vii. p. 359 {nee p. 348). Trochilus cinereicollis, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 562. Ornismya aureiventris, d'Orb. c^- Lafr. Si/n. Av. ii. p. 28 (1836). Trochilus fiavifrous, Gould, Voij. Beaf/le, iii. p. 110 (1841). Trochilus phaeton, Bourc, Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 274 ; Grai/, Gen. B. iii.
App. p. 300. Chlorestes phaethon, Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 7 ; id. Troeh. Enum. p. 4,
pi. 743. ff. 4734-5. Chlorestes aureiventris, Reich. Troeh. Enum. p. 4, pi. 754. fF. 4729-
.30. Hylocharis aureiventris, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 255. Hylocharis phaeton, i?^j. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 255. Hylocharis bicolor, Burm. Si/st. Ueb. ii. p. 348 ; id. J. f. Orn. 1860,
p. 245, 1865, p. 229 ; id. La Plata Reise, ii. p. 448. Chlorolampis phaeton. Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 48. Chlorostilbon bicolor, Cab. c^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 46. Chlorostilbon phaeton, Gould, Mon. Troeh. v. pi. 354 (July 1861)
id. Intr. Troeh. p. 175 ; Heine, J. f. Orn. 1863, p. 167 ; Burm
J.f. Orn. 18(36, p. 88. Chlorostilbon aureiventris, Gould, Intr. Troeh, '^.VlQ; Heine, J.f.
Orn. 1863, p. 197. Chlorostilbon splendidus, Elliot, Ibis, 1875, p. 165, 1877, p. 136 ; id.
Syn. Troeh. p. 244 ; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 184 ; Mids. Hist. Nat.
Ois.-Mouches, ii. p. 93, iv. p. 198 ; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii.
p. 209 ; Scl. Sf Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 631 ; Salv. Ibis, 1880, p. 360 ;
Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 521 ; E. W. White, P. Z. S.
1882, p. 616 ; Scl. ^- Huds. Arg. Orn. ii. p. 9.
Adult male. Entire upper surface golden grass-greeu, brighter ou the crown ; under surface glittering golden green, tinged with blue on the throat : tail steel-blue ; bill, except at the tip, flesh- colour. Total length about 3"6 inches, wing 1'85 ; tail, lateral rectrices 1'2, central 0-85 ; bill 0-8.
Adult female. Upper surface paler than that of the male, the crown usually duller ; under surface and a postocular spot dusky white ; tail steel-blue, the central rectrices green, the lateral tipped with white.
C. splendidus apparently varies considerably as to the colour of the upper surface, some specimens being of a more glittering hue, especially on the crown, than others. C. aureiventris is one of
VOL. XVI. E
50 TEOCHTLT.
these bright birds ; but I have not beeu able to arrange the series before me so as to show that the differences arc in any way localized. Compared with 0. splendidas of the Argentine llepublic, Bourcier's specimen of G. aureiventris, from Bolivia, has a shorter bill and more golden tint on the abdomen ; the crown, too, is more golden. -I am not siire that these colour-differences are normal, but rather due to stain of some kind. C. pliaeton belongs to the long-billed form.
The Mendoza specimens are intermediate between the two extremes as regards the length of their bills, and vary considerably amongst themselves both in the colour of the abdomen and in that of the crown.
A larger series of specimens with authentic localities and dates of capture are necessary to determine satisfactorily the status of these forms.
Count V. Berlepsch tells me that C. egregius, Heine, from Eio Grande do Sul, is intermediate between C. splcndidiis and C. puch- erani, and may be called with equal propriety a " subsi)ecies " of either.
Hab. Bolivia, Paraguay, and the Argentine Republic.
a. S ad. sk. Bolivia. Gould Coll.
(Type of C. phaeto7i, Bourc.)
b, c. c? ad. sk. Bolivia (ex Bourcier). Gould Coll.
d. (5ad.sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.
e. c? ad. sk. Bolivia {Bridges). Gould Coll. /. (S ad. sk. Bolivia (Bucklei/). Gould Coll.
g. (S ad. ; h. 2 ad. Misqui, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.
/. c? ad. sk. Salta, Argentine Rep., June. II. Durnford [C.].
j-n. cj ad. ; o. 5 lsi.Q\\&oz-A{Weisshaupt). Salvin-Godman and
ad. sk. Gould Colls.
p. c? ad. ; q. $ ad. Meudoza {Reed). Gould Coll.
sk.
r. (S ad. ; s. $ ad. Mendoza. Goidd Coll.
sk.
t. c? ad. ; u. $ ad. Pampas Argentinas {Ley- Salvin-Godmau Coll.
sk. bold).
V. S ad. sk. La Plata. Gould Coll.
to. S ad. sk. Rioja, Argentine Rep. Gould Coll.
a: S ad. sk. Monte Video {Darwin). Gould Coll.
y. S juv. sk. Puuta Lara, IBuenos Ayres, II. Durnford [C.].
July.
z. S ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
«'. c? ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
5, Chlorostilbon pucherani.
TrocliiUis pucherani, Bourc. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 271.
Ilylocliaris similis, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 74.
Chlorostilbon prasinus, Gould, Mon. Troch. v. pi. 355 (May 1853) ;
id. Intr. Troch. p. 176 ; Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 318. Chlorestes pucherani, Reich. Aiifz. d. Col. p. 7; id. Troch, Enum.
p. 4, pi. 755. f. 4736.
8. CHLOROSTILBON. 51
Clilorestes nitidissima, Reich. Aicfz. d. Col. p. 7 ; id. Troch. Emun,
pi. 693. fF. 4538-9. Hylocharis pucherani, Bp. Rev. Zool. 18o4, P- -'55- HVlocharis prasinua, -Cwrai. •Sys^ f/e&. 11. p. 350. __
Chlorostilbon uitidissimus, C«6. >!)■ lfe«*e, Mus Hem. in. p. 4/ ;
Reinh. Vidensk. Medd. For. Kjob. 1870, p. 114. Clilorostilbou igneus, Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 1/6; Heme, J. f. Orn.
Chloro!stilbon egregius, Heine, J-f-Oni. 1863, P- 197.
Cblorostilbon pucberani, Tfewi., /./. 0>7* i863 p. 19b ; Elliot, lUs 1875 p 161; id. Syn. Troch. p. 244; Muls. Ann. &oc. Linn Lyon, xxii p 209 ; Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 518 ; Scdv. tat. Strieki. Coll. p. 370; Berl. Pr. U.S Nat Mus. xl p. 564.
Cblorostilbon insularis, iam-. ^«». i^/c ^. f. vii. p. |-5/; ^f<. ^z- 7>'osf Sac N. H. xiv.p. 284 ; id. Mem. Lost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 292 , Heine, J.f. Orn. 1863, p. 199 ; Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, u.
Hylocbaris flavifrons, Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 33
Cblorostilbon bicolor, Reinh. Vidensk. Medd. For. Kjoh. 18/0, p. 113.
Adult male. Very similar to that of G. splendidm, but smaller, aud with the abdomen less decidedly tinged with a golden hne ; upper surface, especially the crown, of a brighter, more gUttenng golden green. Total length about 3-3 inches, wing 1-8 ; tail, lateral rectrices 1-05, central 0-8 : bill 0-C5.
Adult female. Similar to that of G. si)lendidus, but smaller, and with a shorter, less deeply forked tail.
G iqneus of Gould was based upon a specimen supposed to have come from Para. The type has rich reddish-golden plumage, un- lil-e that of normal C. imcherani ; but a second specimen from Bahia is somewhat intermediate, so that I doubt the distinctness ot G iqneus and believe these specimens to be in abnormal, perhaps st'ained, plumage. G. insularis, Lawr., supposed to belong to the Tres Marias Islands, is now admitted to have been based upon a specimen of C. imcherani wrongly located.
Hah. South-eastern Brazil.
Gould CoU.
flS'tl/^""''- Bahia. E. Fielding, Es,.
a-f. 6 ad. ; y- ? ^abia.
j. ''d'ad. sk ■'''^" ' ■ Bahia. ^- gi«J-
k. $ ad.; I. 6 juv. Brazil (Rogers). Gould Coll.
,„^^ad.;n. $ Santa Fe, Miuas Geraes Salvin-Godman OoU.
, '^,'-:hk. RiilSlo. Salvin-Godman CoU.
p-t. 5 ad ; u. 2 Bi-a^il (I^io ^^^«)- ^"^^'^ *^^"-
, fS's\< Brazil. Sclater Coll.
f; ^ i sk Ckapada, Matto Grosso, Salvm-Gudmau Coll.
.r,y, cjad.;.. ? [Brazil.] Gould CoU.
, J^y- "I"- , Para ? Gould CoU.
a'. S ad. sk. i axa . ^^^^ ^^ ^, .^^^^^^^.^
52
6. Chlorostilbon angustipennis.
Trochilus augustipeuuis, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 18.
TrocWlus gibsoni, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 17.
Trochilus chrysogaster, Pourc. Bev. Zool. 1848, p. 101.
llylocbaris angustipennis, Gray, Gen. P. i. ]). 114.
Ilylocharis chrysogaster, Gray, Gen. P. i. p. 114; Pp. Consp. Av. i.
p. 74. Chlorestes chrysogaster, Peich. Aufz. d. Vol. p. 7 ; id. Troch. Enum.
p. 4, pi. 69.3. ff. 4540-1. Ghlorostilbou angustipennis, Gould, Mon. Troch. v. pi. 353 (May
1861); id. Intr. Troch. p. 175 (partim) ; Perl. J. f. Orn. 1884,
p. 312, 1887, p. 333. Chlorolampis chrysogaster, Cah. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 47. Chlorolampis augustipeuuis, Heine, J.f. Orn. 1863, p. 201. Chlorostilbon peruana, Heine, J. f. Orn. 1863, p. 201 {fide H. c.
Perlepsch). Chlorostilbon chrysogaster, Scl. Cat. Am. P. p. 318 ; Gould, P. Z. S.
1870, p. 803. Chlorostilbon haeberlini (tiec Peich.), Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 378 ;
Flliof, Ibis, 1875, p. 160 ; id. Syn. Troch. p. 245 ; Muls. Hist. Nat.
Ois.-Mouches, ii. p. 101, iv. p. 199 ? Chrysomirus angustipennis, AIuls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-3Iouches, ii. p. 102,
pi. 35, iv. p. 199.
Adult male. Upper surface nearly uniform golden green : under surface glittering golden green without any blue tint ; tail steel- blue : bill black, the basal half of the mandible flesh-colour. Total length about 3"2 inches, wing 1-8; tail, lateral rectrices 1-1, central 0-65; bill 0-7.
Adult female. Upper surface shining golden green, duller on the crown ; under surface dirty white ; ear-coverts blacliish ; central rectrices lilce the back, lateral greyish white, with a wide steel-blue subterminal band ; bill black, the mandible pale towards the base.
I have, through the kindness of the authorities of the Derby Mu- seum at Liverpool, had an opportunity of examining the type of this species, and find that it has the base of the mandible flesh-coloured. It follows that Mr. Elliot was wrong in his application of the name. Comparing the type of C. angustipennis with that of C. chrysogaster, which is in the Gould Collection, I find them absolutely alike, as Gould, in his monograph, stated they were. T. gibsoni, Eraser, the tj-pe of which is before me, is a female of 0. angustipennis.
Hah. Colombia, neighbourhood of Bogota.
a-m. cJ ad. sk. Colombia (Bogota make). Gould Coll.
n, 0. (S ad. sk. Colombia (Bogota make). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p, q. (S ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll.
r. (S ad. sk. Colombia (Poicrcier). Gould Coll.
(Type of C. chrysogaster, Bourc.)
s. S ad. ; t. 5 ad. Colombia (Poicrcier). Gould Coll.
sk.
u. (S ad. sk. Popayan, Colombia. Gould Coll.
V. (S ad. sk. Colombia ? Gould Coll.
8. CHLOEOSTTLBON. 53
70. 5 ad. sk. Magdaleua "Valley ( Warsze- Gould Coll.
wiez).
X. S ad. ; y. 5 ad. Bucaramanga, Colombia Salvin-Godmaii Coll.
sk. ( Wyatt).
z. (S ad. sk. Ocafia, Colombia ( Wyatt). Salvin-Godmaii Coll,
a'. cS ad. sk. Heradura, Colombia ( Wyatt). Sclater Coll.
7. Chlorostilbon haeberlini.
Clilorestes haeberlini, Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 7 ; id. Troch. Enum. p. 4,
pi. 703. ff. 4578-80. Cblorolampis haeberlini, Cah. ^ Heine, Mus. Rein. iii. p. 48 ; Heine,
J.f. Orn. 1863, p. 201. Cblorolampis smaragdina, Cab. ^~ Heine, Mus. Hei^i.iu. p. 48: Heine,
J.f. Oni. 1863, p. 202? Chlorostilbon haeberlini, Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 175 ; Muls. Ann. Soc,
Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 209 ; Eudes-Desl. Anii. Mus. Caen, i. p. 523. ChlorostillDon nitens, Laicr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 305 ; Gould,
Liti: Troch. p. 179.
Adult male. Very similar to that of C. anf/ustipennis, but with a brighter crown, and a slight shade of blue over under surface. Total length about 3-4 inches, wing 1-8 ; ^tail, lateral rectrices 1-2, central 0-65 ; bill 0-75.
Very closely allied to 0. ancjustipennis, but at present appa- rently distinguishable by the brighter crown, rather bluer tint of the under plumage, and more deeply forked tail. The specimen from Panama attributed to this species belongs, I have little doubt, to C as.similis, though the basal half of the mandible is rather pale. It agrees with that species in every other respect rather than with the true C. liaeherlini.
Hah. Colombia, Lower Magdalena Valley ; Venezuela.
ff, 6. S ad. sk. Santa Marta, Colombia. Gould Coll.
c. S fid. sk. Venezuela (ex G. N. Lawrence). Gould Coll.
(Typical of C. nitens.)
d. c? ad. sk. ? Gould Coll.
8. Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus.
Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 308 ; Berl.
V.S- Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 568, 1884, p. 306 ; Tacz. Orti. Per. i.
p. 415 ; Perl. J.f. Orn. 1884, p. 313. Chlorostilbon cbrysogaster, Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 198 {nee Powc). Chlorostilbon augustipenuis, Elliot, P)is, 1875, p. 173 ; id. Syn. Troch,
p. 254 {nee Eraser) ; Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 524. Chlorostilbon atala, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 145, 1860, p. 94.
Adult male. Upper surface shining golden green, rather more glittering on the crown ; entire under surface glittering golden green, with a very slight tinge of blue on the throat ; tail steel- blue : bill wholly black. Total length about 3 inches, wing 2 ; tail, lateral rectrices l-Oo, central 0-8; bill 0-75.
54 TEOCHILI.
Adult female. Upper surface shining grass-green, duller on the crown, brighter on the iiimp ; a postocular spot and under surface duskj' whit^, central rectrices green towards the base, lateral steel- blue with white tips.
Hal. Colombia and Ecuador.
«-/. d ad. ; ff-j. 2 Ecuador. Gould Coll.
ad.; k. djuv. sk.
l-o. S ad. sk. Loxa, Ecuador. Gould Coll.
p, g. 6 2 ^^- ^^- Cuenca, Ecuador. Gould Coll.
r-t. c? ad. ; u, v. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll.
o ad. sk. (Types of species.)
w, X. (S 2 ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godmau Coll.
y. (S ad. sk. Perucho, Ecuador, March Gould Coll.
(Fraser).
z a'. J ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (5Mc7v/ey). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b'. 5 ad. sk. Santiago, Ecuador {Leh- Gould CoU.
ma?m).
c'. c? ad. ; d'. $ Popayau, Colombia (De- Gould CoU.
ad. sk. laftre).
e'. S ad.; f, ? ad. Colombia? {Delattre). Gould Coll.
sk.
9. Chlorostilbon pumilus.
Chlorostilbon pumilus, Gould, Atrn. S,- Mag. N. H. 1872, ix. p. 195. Chlorostilbon augustipennis, Scl. Sf Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 531 {nee
Fraser). Chlorostilbon comptus, Berl. Ibis, 1887, p. 296.
Adult male. Very similar to that of G. melanorhynchus, but smaller, with rather brighter crown and shorter bill, &c. Total length about 3 inches, wing 1-75; tail, lateral rectrices 1'05, central 0-83; biUO-65.
Hah. Colombia, Cauca Valley ; Western Ecuador.
a, b. S ad.; e. $ MedeUin, Colombia (*S'«/?«ow). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. ; d. c? juv. [Compared with C. compfAis, Berl.]
sk.
e-h. S ad.; i. $ ad. Medellin, Colombia (Sahmi). Goidd Coll.
sk.
j, k. S ad. sk. Popayan, Colombia. Goidd Coll.
7, m. (S ad. ; n. S Citado, Ecuador {Bucldetj). Gould Coll.
iuv. sk. (Types of C. pumilus, Gould.)
0, p. c? ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador, Sept. Gould Coll.
(Fraser).
q. S ad. sk. Pallatanga (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
r. c? ad. sk. Puellaro, Ecuador, April Gould Coll. (Fraser).
10. Chlorostilbon assimilis.
Chlorostilbon assimilis, Lazor. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 292, ix.
p. 128 (?); Gould, Infr. Troch. p. 178. Chlorolampis assimilis, Heitie, J. f. Orn. 1863, p. 202 ; Scl. S,- Salv.
P. Z. S. 1804, p. 365 ; Sah: P. Z. S. 1867, p. 150, 1870, p. 211.
8. CHLOEOSTILBON.
55
Adult male. Similar to C. melanorhynchus and C pumilus, but with shorter bill and with the crown dark shining green like the back, not ghttering. Total length about 3 inches, wing 1-9 ; tail, lateral rectrices 1-12, central 0-8 ; bill O'G.
Hah. Central America, State of Panama.
a. S f-d- sk.
b. 5 ad. sk.
c. (S ad. sk.
d. S fid. sk. e-A, S ad. sk.
i, j. S ad. sk.
h. c?ad. ; I. ? ad.
sk. m-o. (S ad. ; p. 2
ad. sk. q-t. S ad. ; w. 2
ad. sk. V, IV. S ad. sk.
Volean de Chiriqui {Arce). Cliitra, Panama (Aire). Castillo, Panama {Arce). Sauta F6, Panama (Arce). Santiago de Veraguas (Arce).
Caloverora, Panama (Arce). Veraguas (Warszewiez).
Salvin-Godman Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll. Salviu-Godmau Coll. Salvin-Godman Coll. Salvin-Godman &
Gould Colls. Salvin-Godman Coll. Gould Coll.
Paraiso Station,
(Huf/Jies). Lion Hill, Panama
(3I'Lea)ma)i). " Paragua."
Panama Salvin-Godman & Sclater Colls. Salvin-Godman &
Gould Colls. Gould Coll.
11. Chlorostilhon atala.
Trochilus atala, Less. Ind. Gen. Troch. p. xxxix.
Hylocharis atala, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 114.
Saucerottia atala, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 77.
Chlorestes (Saucerottia) atala, Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 7; id. Iroch.
JEnum. p. 4, pi. 700. f. 4568. Chlorostilbon atala, Goidd, Mon. Troch. v. pi. 356 (Sept. 1860) ; td.
Intr Troch. n. 177; R C. Taylor, Ibis, 1863, p. 82; Elliot, Ibis,
1875, p. 159 ; id. Syn. Troch. p. 246 ; Emles-Desl. Ann. Mtis. Caen,
i. p. 526. Chlorolampis ataki, Heiiie, J.f. Orn. 1863, p. 202. Chlorostilbon carribaeus. Later. Ann. Lye. N. T. x. p. 2. Chrysomirus atala, Mids. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Monches, ii. p. 105, iv.
p." 199 ; id. Attn. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 210.
Adult male. Very similar to that of C. pumilus or C. meJano- rlvjnclms, but smaller, with less deeply forked tail and rather wider lateral rectrices. Total length about 2-8 inches, wing 1-6; tail, lateral rectrices 1, central OwS; bill 0-6.
Hab. Venezuela, Trinidad, and Curaeoa.
a, h. S ad. ; c 2 Trinidad.
d,e. J ad.; /. ? Venezuela (Dyso7i).
ad. sk.
c/. cJ ad. sk. Venezuela {Spence).
h, i. S ad. ; ./. $ Caracas, Venezuela.
k (5 ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. Gould Coll.
l' A iuv sk. Curaeoa (G. N. Lawrence). Gould Coll.
'• ^ J"^-^- ^ [Typical of C. carrihceus.^
m. ? ad. sk. Valencia, N. Colombia Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Simons),
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll. E. Dyson [C.].
56
12. Chlorostilljon prasinus.
All gi-een Humming Bird, Edic. Gleanings Nat. Hist. iii. p. 316,
pi. 360. f. 1. L'Oryert, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 17. Ornismya prasina, Less. Hist. Nat, Ois.-Mcmchcs, pp. xxxv, 188,
pi. 65. Trochilus prasinus, Less. Lnd. Gen. TrocJi. p. xxxix. Ornismya mellisuga, (TOrh. Sf Lafr. Syn. Av. ii. p. 30. Hylocharis prasina, Bp.Gons}). Av.'i. p. 74 ; id. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 255. Clilorestes prasina, Reich. Avfz. d. Col. p. 7 : id. Troch. Enum. p. 4,
pi. 691. ff. 4529-30, pi. 755. f . 4737. Helianthia /3. Heliauthea phrebe, Reich. Aiifz. d. Col. p. 9. Hylocharis phoebe, Bj). Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 255. Hylocharis daphne, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 255. Prasitis prasina, Cab. 8f Heine, Mns. Hein. iii. p. 49 ; Heine, J. f.
Orn. 1863, p. 203. Chlorostilbon prasinus, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 318 ; Elliot, Lhis, 1875,
p. 163, 1877, p. 139 ; id. Syn. Troch. p. 246 ; Scl. 6f Salv. P. Z. S.
1876, p. 17, 1879, p. 631 ; 'Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 527 ;
Tacz. Orn. Per. i. p. 414 ; Salv. lhis, 1885, p. 436. Chlorostilbon napensis, Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 177 ; Scl. S)~ Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 979, 1873, p. 289. Chlorostilbon daphne, Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 177 ; Scl. S,- Salv. P. Z. S.
1866, p. 195. Chlorostilbon brevicaudatus, Gould, Intr. Troch. ]}.17S; Tacz. P.Z.S.
1874, p. 545, 1882, p. 40. Chlorolampis daphne, Heine, J.f. Orn. 1863, p. 201. Chlorolampis napensis, Heine, J.f. Orn. 1863, p. 201. Chlorolampis brevicaudatus, Heine, J.f. Orn. 1863, p. 202. Agyi'tria media, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 29, 57 ; Elliot, lhis, 1874,
p. 263. Agyrtria meliphila, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 29, 57 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1874,
p. 263. Chrj^somirus prasinus, Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, ii. p. 108,
pi. 36, iv. p. 199 ; id. Ann. Soc. Lin7i. Lyon, xxii. p. 210. Chlorostilbon subfurcatus, Bm-l. Ibis, 1887, p. 297.
Adult male. Very similar to that of C. atala but with the tail scarcely if at all forked, the throat too sometimes has a faint tint of blue.
With typical specimens of C. daphne, C. napensis, C brevi- caudatus, and C subfurcatus before me, I am unable to distinguish between them or to separate them from 0. prasinus of Cayenne.
Hah. Guiana and the whole of the Amazon, up to the foot of the Andes of Ecuador and Peru.
a-f. 6'j'J-9- ^^- ^^- Cayenne. Gould & Sclater
Colls. (Types of C. brevicaudatus.) h,i J ad. & juv.sk. Demerara. Gould Coll.
j, k. c? ; ^. 2 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana, Nov. Salviu-Godman Coll. & Dec. {H. Whitely). (Typical of C. subfurcatus.) 7n.cS;n. J ad. sk. Pebas,Amazons, June & .July Salvin-Godman Coll. {Hauxwell).
9. SPORADINUS. . 57
0-t, (S; V. 2 fid. sk. Pebas, Amazons, May, June, Gould Coll.
& July {Jlaii.rwell).
V. c?; w- ? ad. sk. Nauta, Amazons, April. E. Bartlett [C.].
2; y. S ad. sk. Napo. Gould Coll.
(Types of C. napensis.)
z-b'. (S ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll.
e'. c? ad. sk. Pampas del Sacramento, Gould Coll.
Bolivia (Bourcier). (Type of C. daphne.)
13. Chlorostilbon peruanus. (Plate IV. fig. 2.)
Trochilus pli£eopyo-os, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 247 ?
INIetallura pliaeopygos, Eeicli. Attfx. d. Col. p. 8.
Chlorostilbon peruanus, Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 179.
Prasitis pluneopyga, Heine, J. f. O. 1863, p. 204.
Cblorostilbou s'tuebeli, Meyer, Zeitsch. yes. Orn. i. p. 206 (1884).
Adult male. Similar to that of C. iirashius, but the tail more distinctly rounded and of a purple-black, not steel-blue colour. Female unknown.
United by Mr. Elliot with C. iirasinus, but easily distinguishable by the colour of the tail.
Hah. Peru and Bolivia.
a. (S ad. sk. Peru (Bourcier). Gould Coll.
(Type of species. ) b-d. d ad. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Gould Coll.
9. SPORADINUS.
Chlorestes 8. Ricordia, Beich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 8 (Mar. Type.
1854) S. ricordi.
Sporadinus, Bp. Bee. Zvol. 18o4, p. 255 S. ricordi.
Sporadicus, Cah. ^- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 25 S. ricordi.
Era.^mia, Heine, J.f. Orn. 1863, p. 191.
Sporadinus (Marsyas), Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches,
ii. p. 77 S. maugfei.
Mange. Greater Antilles, Bahamas, and Florida.
Key to the Species.
a. Under surface glittering grass-green.
a . Under tail-coverts white ricordi, p. 57.
v. Under tail-coverts green maugfei, p. 58.
h. Throat glittering green, middle of the abdomen
black. Hanks green cleyans, p. 50.
1. Sporadinus ricordi.
Trochilus ricordi, Gerv. May. Zool. 1835, pis. 41, 42; Bp. Comp. Av.
i. p.81. Ornismya parzudakii, Less. Bev. Zool. 1838, p. 315.
58 • TEocniLi.
Orthorliyncbus ricordi, d'Orb. in li. de la Saqrct, Hist. Cuba, iii. p. 100,
pi. 21. fig. 2 (1839). Ilylocliaris ricordi, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 114 ; id. Hand-l. i. p. 150. Chlorestes a. Ricordia ramondii, Reich. Avfz. d. Col. p. 8; id. Troch.
Enum. p. 4, pi. 704. ff. 4584-6. Sporadinus ricordi, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 255 ; Gould, Man. Troch.
V. pi. 348 (Sept. 18lJ0) ; id. Intr. Troch. p. 173 ; Elliot, Ibis,1872,
p. 356 ; id. Si/n. Troch. p. 241 ; Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, ii.
p. 74, iv. p. 197 ; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 209; Eudes-
Dcsl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 502 ; Cory, B. West Ind. p. 153. Sporadicus ricordi. Cab. S,- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 25. Sporadiuus bracei, Laivr. N. Y. Ac. Sc. i. d. 50; Elliot, Syn. Troch.
p. 240 ; Cory, B. Bahama Ls. p. 113. Chlorolampis ricordi, 'Muls. ^- Verr. Class. Troch. p. 40. Chlorestes ricordi, Gundl. Orn. Cub. pp. 108, 272.
Adult male. Upper surface uniform shiniug grass-green, longest upper tail-coverts bronze ; under surface glittering grass-green ; under tail-coverts white ; tail bronzy black ; maxilla blackish ; mandible except the tip flesh-colour. Total length about 4-2 inches, wing 2 ; tail, lateral rectrices 1'6, central 0-9 ; bill 0-8.
Adult female. Eather brighter on the upper surface than the male, under surface dusky.
Hcd). Cuba, some of the Bahama Islands, and part of Florida,
rt-e. c? ad. ;/-/(. 5 Abaco I., Bahamas. Gould Coll.
ad. sk.
i. tS ad. sk. Cuba {Gundlach). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 5 ad. sk. Cuba (C Wright). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. c? ad.; /. J ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Gaumer).
m. <S ad.; n. 5 ad. sk. Cuba (ex Boiircier). Gould Coll.
0. S fid. sk. Cuba. Purchased.
2. Sporadinus maugaei.
Trochilus maugteus, Vieill. Ois. Dor. i. p. 93, pis. 37, 38 ; id. N.
Diet. d'Hist. N. vii. p. 368 ; id. Enc. Meth. p. 567. Ornismva maugtei. Less. Ilist. Nat. Ois.-Moaches, pp. xiv, 194,
pis. 68, 69. _ Trochilus maugrei, Less. Ind. Gen. Troch. p. xxii. Thaumatias ourissa, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 79. Cceligena a. Thalurania ourissa, Reich. Troch. Enum. p. 3, pi. 688.
ff. 4519-21. Sporadinus maugffius, B2). Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 255. Sporadinus maugsei, Gould, Mon. Troch. v. pi. 349 (Sept. 1861)
id. Intr. Troch. p. 173 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1872, p. 356 ; id. Syn. Troch
p. 242 ; Mids. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, ii. p. 77, iv. p. 198 ; id.
Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 209 ; Gundl. J.f. Orn. 18/8, p. 182
Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Li/on, i. p. 503 ; Cory, B. West Ind. p. 154 Chlorestes gertrudis, Gundl'. J.f. Orn. 1874, p. 315. Chlorolampis gertrudis. Cab. J.f. Orn. 1875, p. 223. Chlorolampis maugseua, Muls. Sf Verr. Class. Troch. p. 40 ; Gundl,
An. Soc. Esp. Nat, Hist. vii. p. 225.
Adult male. Similar to that of S. ricordi, but with the crown
10. lACHE. 59
glittering and the under tail-coverts green instead of white {fide Gould, Mon, Trocli.).
Female. Under surface whitish; lateral rcctrices tipped with white.
Hal. Puerto Eico.
3. Sporadinus elegans.
Tr ochihis eleoans. Vieill. Ois. Do): i.p. 37, pi. 14; id. N. Diet. (VHist. N. V\\. p. 351 ; id, Enc. Meth. p. 556 ; Less. Stippl. Ois.-Mouches, p. 99. ..
Ornismya swainsoni, Less. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Moxiches, pp. xvu, iJ/, pi. 70.
Trochilus swainsoni, Less. Ind. Gen. Troch. p. xxiu.
Hylocharis elegans, Gray, Gen. B. i._ p. 114 ; id. Handrl. B. i. p. loO.
Lamporuis elegans, Bp. Coiisp. Av. i. p. 72. o ■ i rr i
Chlorestes 8. Kicordia elegans, Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 8 ; id. Troch. Eninn. p. 4, pi. 704. f. 4587.
Sporadinus elegans, Bp. Bev. Zool. 1854, p. 255; Goidd, Mon. Troch. V. pi. 347 (May 1859) ; id. Intr. Troch. p. 173 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1872, p. 356 ; id. Syn. Troch. p. 241 ; Mtds. Hist. Nat. Ois.-3/ouches, ii. p. 72, iv. p. 197 ; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 209 ; Eudes- jjesl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 500 ; Cory, B. West Ind. p. 152.
Sporadicus elegans, Cah. l^- Heine, Mus. Hei7i. iii. p. 25.
Trochilus (Sporadinus) elegans, Bryant, Br. Bost. Soc. N. H. xi. p. 95.
Clilorolampis elegans, Muls. 4- Verr. Class. Troch. p. 40.
Adidt male. Upper surface shining grass-green tinged with bronze; throat glittering green ; flanks shining green ; whole of the centre of the abdomen black ; under tail-coverts dark green ; tail bronze-black ; maxilla blackish ; mandible except the tip flesh-colour. Total length about 4-5 inches, wing 2-3: tail, lateral rcctrices 1-8, central 0-9 ; bill 0-75.
Adult female. Under surface dusky grey, darker on the abdomen and under tail-coverts ; lateral rcctrices with grey bases and grey tips.
Hah. San Domingo.
a. J ad.; b. 2 ad. Samana, S. Domingo, April Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk. 27 (C B.Cory).
c-r/. c? fid. ;/*,?. 2 San Domingo. Goidd Coll.
ad. sk. -r. , J
j. d ad.; k. 5 ad. sk. San Domingo. Purchased.
10. lACHE. rr
Type.
Circe, Goidd, Mon. Troch. v. pi. 338 (May 1857) ; Intr.
Troch. p. 169 {nee Mert.) I. latirostris.
lache, Elliot, Syn. Troch. p. 234 {vice Circe, Goidd).
Range. Mexico, highlands and west coast.
60
TEOCHILI.
Key to tlie F^peclex,
(I. Crown shining- grass-gveen like the back ; under tail-ooverts white. «'. Throat glittering green, more or less tinged with blue.
n". Larger latirostris, p. 60.
h" . Smaller magica, p. 61.
h' . Throat glittering green, without blue shade .. laivrencii,-^.Qi\. b. Crown glittering blue or bluish gi-een; under tail-coverts dark, c'. Crown glittering bluish green ; under tail-
coYerta brown doubleclayi, p. 62.
d'. Crown glittering blue ; under tail-coverts steel- blue nitidfi, p. Cy2.
1. lache latirostris.
Cynanthus latirostris, Sw. Phil. 31af/. new ser. i. p. 441 .
Ornismya lessoni, Delaitre, Rev. Zool. 18.39, p. 15.
Aniazilius latirostris, Bjj. Consp. Av. i. p. 77 ; Eev. Zool. 1854, p. 254.
Aniazilia latirostris, Beich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 10.
Circe latirostris, Go^ild, Mon. froch. v. pi. 338 (May 1857) ; id. Intr.
Troc/i. p. 109; Scl. Cat. Am.B. p. 317; id. P.Z.S. 1858, p. 297,
1859, p. 367, 1864, p. 1 77 ; Heine, J.f. Orn. 1863, p. 196 ; A. Duges,
La Nat. i. p. 141 ; Villada, La Nat. ii. p. 366; Later. Mem. Bost.
Soc. N. H. ii. p. 292 (partini) ; Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, ii.
p. 46, iv. p. 192 ; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 208 ; Eudes-
Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 487. Hylocharis /3. Cyanophaia lazula, Beich. Avfi, d. Col. p. 10 ; id. Troeh,
Emim. p. 8, pi. 770. ff. 4783-4. Sapphironia circe, B2). Bev. Zool. 1854, p. 256. Hvlocharis /3. Cyanophaia circe, Beich. Troch. Enuni. p. 8, pi. 771.
■ff, 4786-8, Plylocharis doubledayi, Cab. ^ Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. ]). 44 (fide
Goidd'). Hylocharis latirostris, Muls. 8)- Verr. Class. Troch. p. 38; Gray,
Hand-l. i. p. 151. lache latirostris, Elliot, Syn. Troch. p. 235 ; Scott, Auk, iii. p. 431. Trochilus circe, Bourc. (Jide Gould). Trochilus schimperi. Saucer. MS. {fide Gould).
Aclidt male. Upper surface shining grass-green with a shade of bronze, duller on the crown ; under surface dark bluish grass-green, centre of the throat more or less shaded with dark glittering blue ; under tail-coverts white ; tail dark steel-blue, the middle rectrices tipped with dark grey ; bill coral red, tipped with black. Total length about 3'8 inches, wing 2*2 ; tail, lateral rectrices 1'3, central 0-95; billl.
Adult female. Similar to the male on the upper surface; under surface grey, paler on the abdomen and under tail-coverts ; a long postocular white stripe ; lateral rectrices tipped with white ; tail less deeply forked.
Considerable variation exists in the colouring of the throat in the male. A series of specimens, all shot in the middle of February in the Sierra of BolaTios by Mr. Eiehardson, show every gradation from a deep blue throat to a nearly pure green one.
10. lACHE. 61
Hah. Mexico, nearly geuorallj' with a range in altitude extending from the sea-level to a height of 7000 or 8000 feet.
a. 5 ad. sk. Distr. of Moctezuma, Sonora, Salvin-Goduiau Coll.
Dec. {Com. Geogr. Expl. Mex.). . (f ad. sk. Niu'i, Souora, April ( W. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Lloi/d).
c. 5 ad. sk. Ysleta, Sonora, May ( JV. Salvin-Godman Ooll.
Lloi/d).
d. S ad. sk. Sierra de Victoria, Taniau- Salvin-Godman Coll.
lipas, April ( W. B. Rich- ardson).
e. 2 ad. sk. Aguas Oalientes, Mexico, Salvia-Godmau Coll.
Aug. {W.B.E.). /. (Jad.; (/. Jad. sk. Oalvillo, Aguas Calientes, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Aug. (TF.i?. i?.). h-m. (S ad. ; n-r. Uolanos, Jalisco, Feb. ( W. Salvin-Godman Coll.
$ad. &juv. B.R.).
s-u. S ad. sk. San Bias, Tepic, Max., April Salvin-Godman Coll.
( W. B. R.). V. (S ad. sk. Lake Chapala, Jalisco, Aug. Salviu-Godmau Coll.
{W.B.R.). w. c? ad. ; .(■. 5 ad. Santa Ana, Jalisco, Feb. (TF. Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk. Lloyd),
y. S ad. ; z. 5 Patzcuaro, Mex., Jan. (2^. D. Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. Godman).
a'. S ad. sk. Hacienda Eslava, Valley of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Mexico, Jan. {Com, Geogr. Expl. Mex.). h'-e'. (S ad.; f-i' . Mexico {Floresi). Salvin-Godman &
2 ad. ; /. (J Gould CoUs.
juv. sk.
2. lache magica.
Hylocharis magica. Mills. Sj- Verr. Class. Troch. p. 38; iid. Ann. Soc.
Linn. Lijon, xviii. p. 110 (1872). Circe magica, Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, ii. p. 49, pi. 33 ; id. Ann.
Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p, 209 ; Eudes-Desl, Ann. Mus. Caen, i.
p. 489. laclie magica, Elliot, Syn. Troch. p. 235.
Very similar to /. latirostris, but smaller, with shorter bill, wings, and tail.
A doubtful species. The collection contains a specimen agreeing with the dimensions given by Mr. Elliot.
Hab. Western Mexico, Mazatlan.
a. (S ad. sk. Mazatlan, Mexico (A. Forrcr). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. (S ad. sk. [Mexico.] Purchased.
3. lache lawrencii.
Circe latirostris, Grayson, Br. Bast. Soc. N. H. xiv. p. 282 (1871) ;
Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 292 (partim). lache lawrencii, Bcrl. Ibis, 1887, p. 292.
62 TROCHXLI.
Similar to /. latirostris, but with the throat nearly glittering green ^yith scarcely any tinge of bine ; the upper surface is of a rather more coppery hue.
This is another doubtful species, of which the Museum con- tains a pair from the Tres Marias Islands. Count von Berlepsch says that it occurs at Mazatlau, where /. latirostris and /. magica are also found. The green of the throat is purer than the greenest of the Bolaiios specimens, but that three sucli closely allied birds should all occur at Mazatlan is extremely doubtful.
Rab. Tres Marias Islands and, according to v. Berlepsch, the opposite mainland at Mazatlan.
a. (5 ad. ; b. $ ad. sk. Tres Marias Isl., Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. Feb. {A. Forrer).
4. lache doubledayi.
Trochilus doubledayi, Bourc. P. Z. 8. 1847, p. 46 ; id. Rev. Zool.
1847, p. 259. Hylocharis doubledayi, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 114 ; Muls. S,- Verr. Class.
Troch. p. 38. Thaumatias doubledayi, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 78. Hylocharis j3. Cyanophaia doubledayi, Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 10 ? Sapphironia doubledayi, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1854, p. 256. Circe doubledayi, Gould, Man. Troch. v. pi. 339 (Sept. 1860); id. Intr.
Troch. p. 169 ; de Oca, La Nat. iii. p. 302, pi. — ; Muls. Hist. Nat.
Ois.-Mouchcs, ii. p. 44 ; id. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 208 ;
Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 486. lacbe doubledayi, Elliot, 8yn. Troch. p. 235. Trochilus lerebouUeti, Saucer. MS. {fide Gould).
Adult male. Upper surface dark bronzy shining green, crown glittering bluish green ; under surface glittering dark blue, greener on the abdomen : under tail-coverts brown : tail steel-blue, central rcctrices tipped with grey ; bill coral-red tipped with black. Total length about 2-8 inches, wing 1'9 ; tail, lateral rectrices I'l, central 0-8 ; bill 0-8.
Female unknown.
Hah. South-western Mexico.
a. (S ad. sk. Chinantla, Mexico (Dr. Saucerotte). Gould Coll.
5. lache nitida.
Circe doubledayi, Laivr. Ball. U. S. Nat, Mus. no. 4, p. 33. lache nitida, Salv. ^ Godm. Ibis, 1889, p. 240.
Adult male. Similar to that of /. doulledayi, but with the whole throat and breast of a richer blue, and the crown glittering blue with less of a green tinge.
Adult female. Upper surface shining grass-green ; under surface dusky, with the sides of the breast and the flanks washed with green, a long postocular dusky spot ; base of the lateral rectrices
11. PH.EOPTILA. 63
greenish, the apical portion steel-blue and the ti])s white ; bill black, mandible except the tip fleshy.
Specimens from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec agree with /. ni- t'ula rather than with /. douhlcdaiji, of which at present I have only seen the specimen figured by Gould. A larger series may ])rove that the two birds are inseparable.
Hub. S.W. Mexico, between the Sierra Madre del Sur, Guerrero, and the Pacific Ocean ; Tehuantepec.
a-c. J ad. sk. Venta del Pelegrioo, Guerrero, Sal vin-Godman Coll. Oct. {Mrs. H. H. Smith).
d. 5ad.sk. Piincon, Guerrero, Oct. {Mrs. Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. H. Smith).
e. d ad. sk. Dos Arroyos. Guerrero, Oct. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Mrs. H. H. Smith).
f. 5 ad.sk. Acapulco, Guerrero, Sept. (J/rs. Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. H. Smith). (I, h. cJ ad. sk. Saliua Cruz, Tehuantepec, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll.
( W. B. Richardson). i,j.(}ai.;k.cS Tehuantepec, Feb. (TT. i?. i?.). Salvin-Godman Coll. juv. ; I. $ ad. sk.
11. PH^OPTILA.
Type. Pbffioptila, Gould, Mon. Troch. v. pi. -340 (July 1861) ;
id. Intr. Troch. p. 169 P. sordida.
Doleromyia (Pheeoptilia), Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Monches,
i. p. 207.
Range. South-western Mexico.
1. Phseoptila sordida.
Cyanomyia (?) sordida, Gould, Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. 1859, ix. p. 97 ;
Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 386. Uranomitra sordida. Cab. 4" Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 41. Phfeoptila sordida, Gould, Mon. Troch. v. pi. 340 (July 1861) ; id.
Intr. Troch. p. 169; de Oca., La Nat. iii. p. 210 ; Elliot, Syn. Troch.
p. 10 ; Eudes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 482. Leucolia sordida, 3Iuls. ^ Verr. Class. Troch. p. 35. Doleromyia sordida, Muls. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, i. p. 207 ; id.
Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii. p. 204. Phffioptlla zonura, Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 170 : de Oca, La Nat. iii.
p. 304. Hylocharis sordida, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 152.
Adult male. Upper surface dull shining green, darker on the crown, ear-coverts blackish ; under surface dark greyish brown, darker on the throat, paler on the under tail-coverts ; tail like the back but darker. Total length about 4-2 inches, wing 2-1 • tail central rectrices 1*2, lateral 1*5; bill 1.
Female. Paler than the male on the under surface, outer rectrices greyish, the tips greyish white and with a subterminal black band.
P. zonura was based upon a specimen in the Loddiges Collection
64 TROCHILI.
said to have been obtained at Bolanos in Central Mexico. It is most probably a female of P. sordida.
Hah. South-western Mexico.
a. S ad. sk. Sierra Madre del Sur, Guer- Salvin-Godman Coll.
rero, Mexico {Mrs. H. H.
Smiih). h-d. (S ad. ; e. $ Cbilpaucing-o, Guerrero, Max., Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. Aug., Oct. (Mrs. II. H. S.].
f, $ ad. sk. Tepetlapa, Guerrero, Nov. Salvin-Godman Coll.
{Mrs. H. H. S.). q. S ad. sk. Venta de Zopilote, Guerrero, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Oct. {Mrs. H. H. S.). h. $ ad. sk. Omilteme, Guerrero, Aug. Salvin-Godman Coll.
{Mrs. H. R. S.). i. tS ad. ; /, /.-. Oaxaca, Mexico, March {M. Salvin-Godman Coll.
$ ad.siv. Trujillo).
I. cS iid. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico {Sallc). Gould Coll.
(Type of the species.) m,n. Jad.sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (i^e«oc7«"o). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. c? ad. sk. Mexico {SaHe). Salvin-Godman CoU.
2)-r. c? ad. ; .<,^. Mexico {Salle). Gould Coll.
2 ad. sk. u. c? ad. sk. Mexico ? {Salle ?). Purchased.
v,iv. 2ad.sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (<S'fl//e). Purchased.
12. AITHURUS.
Trochilus, Grm/, List Gen. B. p. 14 (1840) {nee Linn.). . A. polytmus. Polytmus, Reich. Av. Si/st. Nat. pi. 39 (1849) {nee
Brisson) A. polytmus.
Aithurus, Cab. Sj- Heine, Mus. Hein. iii. p. 50 A. polytmus.
Range. Jamaica,
1. Aithurus polytmus.
Mellisuga avis maxima, Shane, Jam. ii. p. 309, pi. 204. f. 4
Long-tailed Humming Bird, Albin Av. iii. pi. 49.
Long-taUed Black-cap Humming Bird, Edic. i. pi. 34.
Polvtmus viridans, Brown, Jam. p. 475; Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 11 ;
id. Troch. Enum. p. 9, pi. 799. ff. 4858-60. F Mellisuga jamaicensis Cauda bifurca, i?r;s«\ Orn. iii. pp. 728,732,
pi. .35. f. 6 (=Trocb. forficatus, apiul Linn.). Mellisuga jamaicensis atricapilla, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 729. Oiseaux Moucbe a longue queue noire, Bit^ff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi.
p. .39. Trochilus polytmus, Linn. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 189 ; 6r?». Si/st. Nat. i.
p. 486 ; Vieill. N Diet. WHist. N. vii. p. 355 ; id. 'Enc. Meth.
p. 554 ; Gosse, B. Jam. p. 97 ; Gould, Man. Troch. ii. pi. 98
(June 1849). Black-capped Hummiug-Bird, Lath. Syn. i. 2, p. 748. La Colibri a tete noire, Aud. Ois. Dor. i. p. 146, pi. 67. Trochilus cephalatra, Less. Lid. Gen. Troch. p. xvi. Ornismya cephalatra, Less. Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, pp. xviii, 78,
pi. 17.
12. AITHUETJS. 65
Trocliilus Diaria, Gosse, Ann, ^'- Mag. N. H. 1849, iii. p. 258; id. III.
B. Jam. pi. 22. Polytnuis ceplialatra, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 72 ; id. Reo. Zool. 1854,
p. 354 ; ScL P. Z. S. 1861, p. 79 ; Muls. 4- Ven: Class. Troch.
p. 36. Aithurus polytmus, Cab. 4" Seine, 3Ius. Hein. iii. p. 50 ; Scl. Cat.
Am. B. p. 293 ; Gould, Intr. Troch. p. 75 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 134 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1872, p. 353 ; id. Sijn. Troch. p. 9o ; Muls. Hist.
Nat. Ois.-Mouches, i. p. 335, pi. 29, iv. p. 185 ; id. Ann. 80c. Linn.
Lyon, xxii. p. 207 ; Budes-Desl. Ann. Mus. Cae?i, i. p. 296 ; <S'«/y.
Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 362 ; Cory, B. West Ind. p. 147. Aithurus forticatus, Heine, J.f. O. 186-3, p. 205. Aithiu'us fuligiuosus, Hill (apud Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 134).
Adult male. Upper surface shining grass-green ; crown, elongated crest, and sides of the head as far as a line below the eyes black ; under surface glittering grass-green ; under tail- coverts blue-black ; wing-coverts like the back ; tail blue-black, the central rcctrices washed with green : bill flesh-colour, tip dark ; feet dark hazel. Total length about 10 inches, wing 2-6 ; tail — pair of rectrices next the outermost 7'2, outermost pair 1-7, central pair 1-2 ; bill 0-95.
Adult female. Upper surface shining grass-green ; crown brown, each feather with a green discal spot ; under siu-face white, each feather of the sides of the neck and flanks with a shining green discal spot ; under tail-coverts white ; tail blue-black, the two lateral feathers on either side tipped with white, the central pair washed with green.
Touncj male. Upper surface, including the head, shining grass-